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// QuantumTypes.td — Type definitions for the #q quantum dialect
// ============================================================
// Linear-type quantum resources with no-cloning enforcement.
// Designed as a strict refinement of CUDA-Q Quake types.
#ifndef QUANTUM_TYPES
#define QUANTUM_TYPES
include "mlir/IR/AttrTypeBase.td"
include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypeInterfaces.td"
// ============================================================
// Qubit Type — Linear resource (no copy, no discard)
// ============================================================
def Quantum_QubitType : TypeDef<"Quantum", "Qubit", [
DeclareTypeInterfaceMethods<MemRefResourceTypeInterface>
]> {
let mnemonic = "qubit";
let summary = "A linear qubit resource (no-cloning enforced)";
let description = [{
Represents a single qubit under linear type discipline.
The verifier rejects any use that would:
- Duplicate an SSA value holding a qubit (use-def chain has >1 user)
- Drop a qubit without measurement or explicit deallocation
- Reuse a qubit after measurement without a fresh allocation
This is stricter than CUDA-Q Quake, which uses memory semantics
(!quake.ref) without enforcement at the type level.
}];
// Assembly format: !quantum.qubit
let assemblyFormat = "`qubit`";
}
// ============================================================
// Qureg Type — Fixed or dynamically-sized register
// ============================================================
def Quantum_QuregType : TypeDef<"Quantum", "Qureg"> {
let mnemonic = "qureg";
let parameters = (ins
"std::optional<int64_t>":$size // none = dynamic
);
let assemblyFormat = "`<` (`?`:$size^):($size) `>`";
let summary = "A register of qubits (contiguous allocation)";
let description = [{
Represents a contiguous register of qubits.
If the size is known at compile time, the verifier can check
that indexing operations stay within bounds. A dynamic-size
register (!quantum.qureg<?>) defers the check to runtime.
Qureg values are consumed by entangle/measure ops; slicing
produces sub-regions or individual qubits via extract/ref.
}];
}
// ============================================================
// PauliOperator Type — Exact algebraic angles
// ============================================================
def Quantum_PauliOperatorType : TypeDef<"Quantum", "PauliOperator"> {
let mnemonic = "pauli";
let parameters = (ins
"StringAttr":$label, // "X","Y","Z","R",...
"Attribute":$angle // rational or symbolic θ
);
let assemblyFormat = "`<` $label (`,` $angle^)? `>`";
let summary = "Non-commutative Pauli / phase operator";
let description = [{
Represents a Pauli operator with an exact algebraic angle.
The label selects the axis:
"X" → σ_x (bit flip)
"Y" → σ_y (bit + phase flip)
"Z" → σ_z (phase flip)
"R" → R(θ) = exp(-iθ/2 · σ_z) (rotation)
The angle is stored as a rational or symbolic attribute,
not a floating-point approximation. This enables exact
algebraic simplification (e.g. R(π) = Z, R(2π) = I).
Use cases:
- Exact compilation of Clifford+T circuits
- Symbolic parameter optimization (variational algorithms)
- Noise-aware compilation where angle precision matters
}];
}
// ============================================================
// MeasurementResult Type — Classical bit
// ============================================================
def Quantum_MeasurementResult : TypeDef<"Quantum", "MeasurementResult"> {
let mnemonic = "mresult";
let summary = "Classical measurement result (i1 with metadata)";
let description = [{
Wraps a single classical bit (i1) with optional metadata
(register name, measurement basis, timestamp).
Distinguished from plain i1 to prevent accidental mixing
of classical control flow bits with quantum measurement outcomes.
}];
}
#endif // QUANTUM_TYPES
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