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Today is Earth Day. It's a chance to reflect on how everyday actions impact the environment. Earth Day also is a welcome reminder that small behaviors make a big difference. Recycling is one of the easiest things you can do, especially with the recycling drop-box program offered by the Ottawa-Sandusky-Seneca Solid Waste District and serviced by Rumpke. Visit www.rumpkerecycling.com or www.recycleoss.org for a map of convenient recycling locations near you. The tips below can help you do even more. Top five ways you can help the recycling program: 1. No plastic bags. Recyclables should be placed unbagged in the container. If you use plastic bags to collect or transport recyclables, empty the recyclables at the recycling site and take the bags home to reuse. Or, consider taking plastic bags back to the grocery store for recycling. 2. Plenty of paper. Remember to recycle computer paper, magazines, newspapers and inserts, envelopes with or without windows, postcards and junk mail. 3. Recycle right. Each recycling drop-box is stickered with a list of acceptable and unacceptable items. The long list includes many items found in your home. Recycling the right items helps the program run smoother and keeps costs low. 4. Flatten cardboard. Do you shop online? If so, you probably have a bunch of cardboard boxes, which are great to recycle. Help save space in the container by flattening boxes. 5. Summer parties. Are you hosting a party soon? Memorial Day? Graduation? Fourth of July? Place a recycling container next to each trash can to make it easy for your guests to recycle glass and plastic bottles, along with beer and soda cans. Rumpke is proud to support recycling throughout the community. Let's all make the most of the opportunity to recycle more and trash less. Happy Earth Day! and recycling education
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What is neck pain? Because of its location and range-of-motion, your neck is often left unprotected and subject to injury. Neck pain can range from mild discomfort to disabling, chronic pain. What causes neck pain? Neck pain can result from many different causes--from injury, to age-related disorders, or inflammatory disease. Causes of neck pain and problems may include the following: - Injury (damage to the muscles, tendons, and/or ligaments) - Herniated disk in the neck - Arthritis (such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis) - Cervical (neck) disk degeneration - Congenital (present at birth) abnormalities of the vertebrae and bones How is neck pain diagnosed? Along with a complete medical history and physical exam, diagnostic procedures for neck pain may include the following: - Blood tests. These tests can help determine the diagnosis of inflammatory disease. - Electromyogram (EMG). A test to evaluate nerve function. - X-ray. A diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of bones onto film. - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body; can often determine damage or disease of internal structures within our joints, or in a surrounding ligament or muscle. - Computed tomography scan (also called a CT or CAT scan). A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce images of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general X-rays. How is neck pain treated? Specific treatment for neck pain will be determined by your doctor based on: - Your age, overall health, and medical history - Your diagnosis - Extent of the condition - Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies - Expectations for the course of the condition - Your opinion or preference Treatment may include: - Medication (to reduce inflammation and control pain) - Physical therapy - Neck brace or immobilization When should I call my health care provider? Treatment for neck pain is recommended when the pain starts to prevent any future injury or damage. Living with neck pain Living with neck pain can be difficult. But the following treatments , often in combination, prove effective both immediately and over time. To manage your neck pain, you may try medications, rest physical therapy and exercise. - Neck pain can range from mild discomfort to disabling, chronic pain. - Neck pain can result from many different causes--from injury, to age-related disorders, or inflammatory disease. - Seeking medical advice as soon as possible after the injury will minimize future damage and inflammation. - Once you have been treated for the initial injury, a program of physical rehabilitation may be necessary. It is important to follow through with your program and exercises to both strengthen and build muscles to support your activities. - Using good body mechanics may prevent future injury. Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your health care provider: - Before your visit, write down questions you want answered. - Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you. - At the visit, write down the names of new medicines, treatments, or tests, and any new instructions your provider gives you. - If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit. - Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions. Online Medical Reviewer: Fincannon, Joy, RN, MSN Date Last Reviewed: © 2000-2016 The StayWell Company, LLC. 780 Township Line Road, Yardley, PA 19067. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
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This is the first in a series of articles on the root problems of most chronic illnesses: diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, chronic fatigue, Parkinson’s disease and early aging. Over the next few months, I will share how oxidative stress, inflammation, hormone imbalance and toxins cause chronic illness and how to prevent early aging and chronic illness. FREE RADICALS AND TORNADOES When we mix oxygen with food, we get energy. As our body transforms oxygen and food into energy, we make “free radicals.” Free radicals include compounds like peroxides and are like little tornadoes that spin off more little tornadoes. These free radical tornadoes go around and damage cells. Free radicals damage the protein and fats in cell membranes, mitochondria — which are the energy factories in the cells — and even sometimes DNA, leading to cancer. It is estimated the average human cell sustains 10,000 hits per day from free radicals. When cells are damaged by free radicals, the body reacts with inflammation. Chronic inflammation can lead to more cell damage. Free radicals lead to a toxic spiral of cell damage, inflammation and cell death. To stay healthy, the body must maintain a healthy balance between formation of free radicals and destruction of free radicals. How does the body do this? It tries to keep the free radicals within the cells and breaks the free radicals down. It uses antioxidants like vitamin C and E to destroy the free radicals and uses natural repair mechanisms to mend damaged cells. COMBATING OXIDATIVE STRESS First, try to avoid toxins like cigarette smoke, pesticides, solvents, ozone and other chemicals that increase free radical production. Second, we must have adequate dietary intake and absorption of antioxidant nutrients found in fruits and vegetables. Basically, eat more plants so your plate has a variety of colors at every meal. Americans’ poor intake of fruits and vegetables means most Americans do not have enough antioxidants to protect them from the damaging effects of free radicals. MEASURING OXIDATIVE STRESS We can actually measure your body’s oxidative stress levels with special lab tests, including glutathione, serum lipid peroxides, 8OhdG and enzymes that increase with oxidative stress. The best defense against oxidative stress is to listen to what your mother always told you: Eat your fruits and vegetables. This means at least five servings a day and 10 or 12 servings are better for maximum health. Next month, we will learn more about how inflammation causes chronic disease. Hopefully, 2012 will be a year to attain better health by understanding how your body works. So dress up your plate and eat a rainbow of fresh fruits and veggies to fight off free radicals. Dr. Steinmetz is a board-certified family medical doctor based in Alexandria who uses conventional and integrative practices. She welcomes reader questions at email@example.com.
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In 1564, in his 50th year, Andreas Vesalius died, alone and unattended, on the remote island of Zante, off the west coast of Greece. This year, 1964, commemorates the quadricentenary of the death of this illustrious and fearless iconoclast, the author of the epochal volume, De Fabrica Humani Corporis. Vesalius, his name derived from the Flemish name Wesel, was born in Brussels in the year 1514. His forebears were closely affiliated with the medical profession: his great-great-grandfather, great-grandfather, and grandfather were physicians, his father was an apothecary. The bequeathal of this medical heritage to Vesalius was manifested in him at an early age. He began his medical studies at Louvain, where he displayed an avid interest in anatomical dissection, and became proficient in Arabic, Greek, and Latin. In 1533, Vesalius left for Paris to continue his medical education. At Paris, the instruction of anatomy was directed by the eminent anatomists,
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Yesterday, the International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report in which it urges the adoption of four approaches to curb greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. In announcing the report the IEA noted that, at the earliest, the next international treaty won't even be finalized before 2015 (and its implementation won't start until 2020). But in the intervening years, we're likely to build infrastructure and continue emissions that will make the goals of that agreement nearly impossible to reach. In the interim, the IEA suggests steps that are needed to keep the planet on a path that would limit emissions to 2°C. The report comes immediately in the wake of the first recordings of carbon dioxide levels that exceed 400 parts per million at Mauna Loa, far from any sites of industrial emissions. These levels haven't been seen in millions of years and, if current emissions trends continue, we're expected to reach temperatures we've not seen in equally long: between 3.6°C and 5.3°C warmer than the preindustrial era, according to the IEA. And, as the World Bank recently noted, that sort of rise would radically reshape our world. So the IEA is sold on the goal of limiting future temperature rises to 2°C. Unfortunately, energy-related emissions went up by 1.4 percent last year to 31.6 Gigatons. If we wait to 2015 to finalize plans to keep future temperature rises to 2°C, the IEA estimates we'll need to spend $5 trillion to get back on track. In contrast, the IEA estimates that we can stay on track by spending $1.5 trillion in the years between now and 2020. If spent according to the IEA's new four-step plan, we'll save just as much money as we spend due to more efficient use of energy. The IEA focused on technologies that are already on the market and are in active use in some countries, meaning that there are no barriers other than cost and scaling. One of the steps is something the IEA has been arguing for a while: given that there is a finite supply of fossil fuels and that burning them creates problems, it makes no sense to actively encourage their use. Despite this, fossil fuel is heavily subsidized in many countries. The IEA has consistently called for these subsidies to be phased out; one of its four points is to simply accelerate the phasing out. While also on the subject of waste, the IEA would like to see oil and gas producers do more to capture methane that is currently allowed to escape into the atmosphere. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and is eventually converted to CO2 in the atmosphere; capturing more of it will account for 18 percent of the savings. In the US, the expansion of renewables and natural gas has led to a significant decline in the use of coal, which has led to a corresponding drop in carbon emissions (coal is the least efficient fossil fuel in terms of energy per emissions); China's emissions growth is slowing for similar reasons. The IEA would like to see that happen globally. If we limit the construction and use of the least efficient coal plants for the rest of the decade, it could account for 20 percent of the IEA's goals. But the biggest step we can take is simple efficiency. Building or retrofitting more efficient buildings, industry, and transportation could account for nearly half the emission changes needed for the IEA's plan. And this is where most of the money for the plan comes from; efficiency measures can usually save a significant amount on energy expenses, often with time windows of less than a decade. These savings are required to offset the cost of mothballing some of the coal plants before the end of their expected lifespans. These savings will, of course, exact a cost somewhere, primarily in the energy industries. If the IEA's plan were adopted, coal consumption would obviously drop and some fossil fuel reserves that are currently slated for development will not be needed as quickly as expected. As a bit of a sop to the energy industry, the IEA notes that the problems caused by climate change—water shortages, severe storms, sea level rise—will exact a cost on the industry's infrastructure as well. Overall, the IEA's plan seems like a solid one. But the group has been calling for many of these steps for a number of years and responses have been slow. There's definitely an element of the "tragedy of the commons" here. Although it's appealing in general to think that these efficiency measures could allow finite reserves of fossil fuels to last decades longer than they would otherwise, the countries and companies relying on the income from developing them are unlikely to be happy to go along with the plan.
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When approaching a complex situation that requires a creative solution, some leading research points to a novel approach to problem solving. Don’t solve the problem based on how you would solve it, but instead pretend to be someone else and solve it from their perspective. Via BPS Digest: According to Evan Polman and Kyle Emich, we’re more capable of mental novelty when thinking on behalf of strangers than for ourselves. This is just the latest extension of research into construal level theory, an intriguing concept that suggests various aspects of psychological distance can affect our thinking style. Across four studies involving hundreds of undergrads, Polman and Emich found…that participants were more likely to solve an escape-from-tower problem if they imagined someone else trapped in the tower, rather than themselves (a 66 vs. 48 per cent success rate). Briefly, the tower problem requires you to explain how a prisoner escaped the tower by cutting a rope that was only half as long as the tower was high. The solution is that he divided the rope lengthwise into two thinner strips and then tied them together. The researchers were careful to consider a range of possible confounding factors, including confidence in our knowledge of ourselves versus others, emotional involvement and feelings of closeness. None of these made much difference to the main result. On the other hand, among participants who tackled the tower problem, it was those who said afterwards that they felt the tower was further away, who tended to have found the solution. This reinforces the researchers’ claim that solving a problem for a stranger is easier because of the feeling of psychological distance that it creates. This concept could be particularly useful for those engaged in negations, mediation, arbitration, etc. By framing your position from the viewpoint of another person, it might be possible to arrive at a more creative solution. It could also be useful in anticipating or predicting what angle an opponent might be positioning towards. So next time you’re about to tackle a problem head on, take a moment to step into someone else’s shoes and think about what they would do to solve the problem, you might just get a different result. Polman E, and Emich KJ (2011). Decisions for Others Are More Creative Than Decisions for the Self. Personality and social psychology bulletin PMID: 21317316
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American low cost orbital launch vehicle. The Falcon 9 Heavy would consist of a standard Falcon 9 with two additional Falcon 9 first stages as liquid strap-on boosters. The Falcon 9 first stage had been designed to support the additional loads of this configuration, with common tanking and engines across both vehicles. Initial architectural work had begun in 2008, and first availability of the Falcon 9 Heavy would be as early as 2010. LEO Payload: 28,000 kg (61,000 lb) to a 200 km orbit at 28.00 degrees. Payload: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb) to a GTO, 28 deg. Boost Propulsion: Lox/Kerosene. Cruise Thrust: 66.600 kN (14,972 lbf). Cruise Thrust: 6,800 kgf. Cruise engine: Kestrel. Initial Operational Capability: 2010. Status: In development. More... - Chronology... Gross mass: 885,000 kg (1,951,000 lb). Payload: 28,000 kg (61,000 lb). Height: 54.90 m (180.10 ft). Diameter: 3.60 m (11.80 ft). Span: 3.60 m (11.80 ft). Thrust: 15,000.00 kN (3,372,000 lbf). Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Falcon Falcons are a family of two stage, reusable, liquid oxygen and kerosene powered launch vehicles, designed for cost-efficient and reliable transport of satellites and manned spacecraft to low Earth orbit. The Falcon 1 satellite launcher began launches in 2006, with the Falcon 9 - as large as a Saturn I - flying in 2010. The Falcon series was the only successful project among many attempts to privately develop a low cost launch system since the 1960's. More... LCLV Various independently-funded launch vehicles have been advocated, designed, and even developed over the years. A lot of these are attempts to build low-cost launch vehicles using simpler technology. Often such projects begin based on a low cost liquid fuel technology but end up just trying to sell various combinations of Castor solid fuel stages. These enterprises often discover there's more to coming up with a reliable launch vehicle than slashing together a bunch of 'off the shelf' rocket motors and lighting the fuse.... On the other hand, if there is ever a breakthrough in less expensive access to space, it will come through one of these entrepreneurial schemes... More... Associated Manufacturers and Agencies SpaceX American manufacturer of rockets, spacecraft, and rocket engines. SpaceX, USA. More... Home - Browse - Contact © / Conditions for Use
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There is only one fundamental alternative in the universe: existence or non-existence—and it pertains to a single class of entities: to living organisms. The existence of inanimate matter is unconditional, the existence of life is not: it depends on a specific course of action. Matter is indestructible, it changes its forms, but it cannot cease to exist. It is only a living organism that faces a constant alternative: the issue of life or death. Life is a process of self-sustaining and self-generated action. If an organism fails in that action, it dies; its chemical elements remain, but its life goes out of existence. It is only the concept of “Life” that makes the concept of “Value” possible. It is only to a living entity that things can be good or evil. Only a living entity can have goals or can originate them. And it is only a living organism that has the capacity for self-generated, goal-directed action. On the physical level, the functions of all living organisms, from the simplest to the most complex—from the nutritive function in the single cell of an amoeba to the blood circulation in the body of a man—are actions generated by the organism itself and directed to a single goal: the maintenance of the organism’s life. An organism’s life depends on two factors: the material or fuel which it needs from the outside, from its physical background, and the action of its own body, the action of using that fuel properly. What standard determines what is proper in this context? The standard is the organism’s life, or: that which is required for the organism’s survival. When applied to physical phenomena, such as the automatic functions of an organism, the term “goal-directed” is not to be taken to mean “purposive” (a concept applicable only to the actions of a consciousness) and is not to imply the existence of any teleological principle operating in insentient nature. I use the term “goal-directed,” in this context, to designate the fact that the automatic functions of living organisms are actions whose nature is such that they result in the preservation of an organism’s life. In a fundamental sense, stillness is the antithesis of life. Life can be kept in existence only by a constant process of self-sustaining action. The goal of that action, the ultimate value which, to be kept, must be gained through its every moment, is the organism’s life.
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Henry Gray (18251861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918. maternal blood, and give up to the latter its waste products. The blood, so purified, is carried back to the fetus by the umbilical vein. It will thus be seen that the placenta not only establishes a mechanical connection between the mother and the fetus, but subserves for the latter the purposes of nutrition, respiration, and excretion. In favor of the view that the placenta possesses certain selective powers may be mentioned the fact that glucose is more plentiful in the maternal than in the fetal blood. It is interesting to note also that the proportion of iron, and of lime and potash, in the fetus is increased during the last months of pregnancy. Further, there is evidence that the maternal leucocytes may migrate into the fetal blood, since leucocytes are much more numerous in the blood of the umbilical vein than in that of the umbilical arteries. The placenta is usually attached near the fundus uteri, and more frequently on the posterior than on the anterior wall of the uterus. It may, however, occupy a lower position and, in rare cases, its site is close to the orificium internum uteri, which it may occlude, thus giving rise to the condition known as placenta previa. Separation of the Placenta.After the child is born, the placenta and membranes are expelled from the uterus as the after-birth. The separation of the placenta from the uterine wall takes place through the stratum spongiosum, and necessarily causes rupture of the uterine vessels. The orifices of the torn vessels are, however, closed by the firm contraction of the uterine muscular fibers, and thus postpartum hemorrhage is controlled. The epithelial lining of the uterus is regenerated by the proliferation and extension of the epithelium which lines the persistent portions of the uterine glands in the unaltered layer of the decidua. The expelled placenta appears as a discoid mass which weighs about 450 gm. and has a diameter of from 15 to 20 cm. Its average thickness is about 3 cm., but this diminishes rapidly toward the circumference of the disk, which is continuous with the membranes. Its uterine surface is divided by a series of fissures into Iobules or cotyledons, the fissures containing the remains of the septa which extended between the maternal and fetal portions. Most of these septa end in irregular or pointed processes; others, especially those near the edge of the placenta, pass
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Upton Sinclair, ed. (18781968). The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest. 1915. Essay on Liberty By John Stuart Mill (English philosopher and economist, 18061873) MANKIND can hardly be too often reminded, that there was once a man named Socrates, between whom and the legal authorities and public opinion of his time, there took place a memorable collision. Born in an age and country abounding in individual greatness, this man has been handed down to us by those who best knew both him and the age, as the most virtuous man in it; while we know him as the head and prototype of all subsequent teachers of virtue, the source equally of the lofty inspiration of Plato and the judicious utilitarianism of Aristotle, the two headsprings of ethical as of all other philosophy. This acknowledged master of all the eminent thinkers who have since livedwhose fame, still growing after more than two thousand years, all but outweighs the whole remainder of the names which make his native city illustriouswas put to death by his countrymen, after a judicial conviction, for impiety and immorality. Impiety, in denying the Gods recognized by the State; indeed his accusers asserted (see the Apologia) that he believed in no gods at all. Immorality, in being, by his doctrines and instructions, a corrupter of youth. Of these charges the tribunal, there is every ground for believing, honestly found him guilty, and condemned the man who probably of all then born had deserved best of mankind, to be put to death as a criminal.
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E. Cobham Brewer 18101897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. One which shows the new and full moon, with the time of Easter and the movable feasts depending thereon. The reformed calendar of the Church of Rome, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, corrected the error of the civil year, according to the Julian calendar.
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