Text Generation
fastText
Arabic
wikilangs
nlp
tokenizer
embeddings
n-gram
markov
wikipedia
feature-extraction
sentence-similarity
tokenization
n-grams
markov-chain
text-mining
babelvec
vocabulous
vocabulary
monolingual
family-arabic
Instructions to use wikilangs/ar with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- fastText
How to use wikilangs/ar with fastText:
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download import fasttext model = fasttext.load_model(hf_hub_download("wikilangs/ar", "model.bin")) - Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
File size: 9,369 Bytes
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language: ar
language_name: Arabic
language_family: arabic
tags:
- wikilangs
- nlp
- tokenizer
- embeddings
- n-gram
- markov
- wikipedia
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity
- tokenization
- n-grams
- markov-chain
- text-mining
- fasttext
- babelvec
- vocabulous
- vocabulary
- monolingual
- family-arabic
license: mit
library_name: wikilangs
pipeline_tag: text-generation
datasets:
- omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly
dataset_info:
name: wikipedia-monthly
description: Monthly snapshots of Wikipedia articles across 300+ languages
metrics:
- name: best_compression_ratio
type: compression
value: 4.347
- name: best_isotropy
type: isotropy
value: 0.8111
- name: best_alignment_r10
type: alignment
value: 0.7660
- name: vocabulary_size
type: vocab
value: 986324
generated: 2026-03-04
---
# Arabic โ Wikilangs Models
Open-source tokenizers, n-gram & Markov language models, vocabulary stats, and word embeddings trained on **Arabic** Wikipedia by [Wikilangs](https://wikilangs.org).
๐ [Language Page](https://wikilangs.org/languages/ar/) ยท ๐ฎ [Playground](https://wikilangs.org/playground/?lang=ar) ยท ๐ [Full Research Report](RESEARCH_REPORT.md)
## Language Samples
Example sentences drawn from the Arabic Wikipedia corpus:
> ุชุตุบูุฑ K \ ูู \ ูู ุงูุญุฑู ุงูุญุงุฏู ุงูุนุดุฑ ูู ุงูุฃุจุฌุฏูุฉ The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., online ููู
ุซู ูุฐุง ุงูุญุฑู ุงูุตูุช ุงูุทุจูู ุงููููู ุงูู
ูู
ูุณ ูู ุงูููู
ูุงุกุ ูุฑู
ุฒ K ูุนูุตุฑ ุงูุจูุชุงุณููู
ู
ุฑุงุฌุน ูุงุชูููุฉ
> : ุฅุญุฏู ููุงูุงุช ุงูููุงูุงุช ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ. ู
ุฏููุฉ ูููููุฑู: ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ุฏู ุงูููุงูุงุช ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ ูุฅุญุฏู ุฃูุจุฑูุง ูู ุงูุนุงูู
. ู
ูุงุทุนุฉ ูููููุฑู: ุฅุญุฏู ู
ูุงุทุนุงุช ููุงูุฉ ูููููุฑู. ุชูุถูุญ ุฃุณู
ุงุก ุฃู
ุงูู
> ุฃุจู ุฅุจุฑุงููู
ุงููุงุฑุงุจู ุฃุฏูุจ ูุญูู ูุบูู ุฃุจู ูุตุฑ ู
ุญู
ุฏ ุงููุงุฑุงุจู ูููุณูู ู
ุดุงุฆู ู
ุณูู
ูุทุจูุจ
> ุฅุณุญุงู ูููุชู ุนุงูู
ุฅูุฌููุฒู ูููุชู ูุญุฏุฉ ููุงุณ ุงูููุฉ. ุฐููุฑ ุฅูุฌููุฒูุฉ ุชูุถูุญ ุฃุณู
ุงุก ุฃู
ุงูู
> ุจูุชุงู (ู
ู
ููุฉ) ุจูุชุงู ู
ู
ููุฉ ูู ุฌุจุงู ุงููู
ุงูุงูุง ุจูู ุงูููุฏ ูุงูุตูู. ุจูุชุงู (ููู
ูุงุก) ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฃููุงูุงุชุ ูุชููู ู
ู ุฃุฑุจุน ุฐุฑุงุช ูุฑุจูู.
## Quick Start
### Load the Tokenizer
```python
import sentencepiece as spm
sp = spm.SentencePieceProcessor()
sp.Load("ar_tokenizer_32k.model")
text = "ุงุณุชูุฏูููุงุช ุฃููุงู
ูุงูุช ุฏูุฒูู ุฃููุงู
ูุงูุช ุฏูุฒูู ู
ูุชุฌุน ูุงูุช ุฏูุฒูู ุงูุนุงูู
ู ุฏูุฒูู ูุงูุฏ"
tokens = sp.EncodeAsPieces(text)
ids = sp.EncodeAsIds(text)
print(tokens) # subword pieces
print(ids) # integer ids
# Decode back
print(sp.DecodeIds(ids))
```
<details>
<summary><b>Tokenization examples (click to expand)</b></summary>
**Sample 1:** `ุงุณุชูุฏูููุงุช ุฃููุงู
ูุงูุช ุฏูุฒูู ุฃููุงู
ูุงูุช ุฏูุฒูู ู
ูุชุฌุน ูุงูุช ุฏูุฒูู ุงูุนุงูู
ู ุฏูุฒูู ูุงูุฏโฆ`
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|-------|--------|-------|
| 8k | `โุงุณุช ูุฏู ูู ุงุช โุฃููุงู
โูุงูุช โุฏู ุฒ ูู โุฃููุงู
โฆ (+22 more)` | 32 |
| 16k | `โุงุณุช ูุฏู ููุงุช โุฃููุงู
โูุงูุช โุฏูุฒูู โุฃููุงู
โูุงูุช โุฏูุฒูู โู
ูุช โฆ (+10 more)` | 20 |
| 32k | `โุงุณุชูุฏูููุงุช โุฃููุงู
โูุงูุช โุฏูุฒูู โุฃููุงู
โูุงูุช โุฏูุฒูู โู
ูุชุฌุน โูุงูุช โุฏูุฒูู โฆ (+7 more)` | 17 |
| 64k | `โุงุณุชูุฏูููุงุช โุฃููุงู
โูุงูุช โุฏูุฒูู โุฃููุงู
โูุงูุช โุฏูุฒูู โู
ูุชุฌุน โูุงูุช โุฏูุฒูู โฆ (+7 more)` | 17 |
**Sample 2:** `ุจุงุณูุงู ูุฏ ุชุนูู: ุงูุจุงุณูุงูุ ูุญุฏุฉ ููุงุณ ุงูุถุบุท ูุบุฉ ุจุงุณูุงูุ ูุบุฉ ุจุฑู
ุฌุฉ ุงููููุณูู ุจุงุณูุงูุโฆ`
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|-------|--------|-------|
| 8k | `โุจุง ุณู ุงู โูุฏ โุชุนูู : โุงูุจุง ุณู ุงู ุ โฆ (+29 more)` | 39 |
| 16k | `โุจุงุณูุงู โูุฏ โุชุนูู : โุงูุจุงุณู ุงู ุ โูุญุฏุฉ โููุงุณ โุงูุถุบุท โฆ (+18 more)` | 28 |
| 32k | `โุจุงุณูุงู โูุฏ โุชุนูู : โุงูุจุงุณู ุงู ุ โูุญุฏุฉ โููุงุณ โุงูุถุบุท โฆ (+15 more)` | 25 |
| 64k | `โุจุงุณูุงู โูุฏ โุชุนูู : โุงูุจุงุณู ุงู ุ โูุญุฏุฉ โููุงุณ โุงูุถุบุท โฆ (+15 more)` | 25 |
**Sample 3:** `ุฌู
ููุฑูุฉ ุงููููุบู ุงูุฏูู
ูุฑุงุทูุฉุ ุฒุงุฆูุฑ ุณุงุจููุงุ ุนุงุตู
ุชูุง ูููุดุงุณุง. ุฌู
ููุฑูุฉ ุงููููุบูุ ุนุงุตโฆ`
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|-------|--------|-------|
| 8k | `โุฌู
ููุฑูุฉ โุงูููู ุบู โุงูุฏูู
ูุฑุงุทูุฉ ุ โุฒ ุงุฆ ูุฑ โุณุงุจู ูุง โฆ (+21 more)` | 31 |
| 16k | `โุฌู
ููุฑูุฉ โุงููููุบู โุงูุฏูู
ูุฑุงุทูุฉ ุ โุฒ ุงุฆ ูุฑ โุณุงุจููุง ุ โุนุงุตู
ุชูุง โฆ (+16 more)` | 26 |
| 32k | `โุฌู
ููุฑูุฉ โุงููููุบู โุงูุฏูู
ูุฑุงุทูุฉ ุ โุฒุงุฆ ูุฑ โุณุงุจููุง ุ โุนุงุตู
ุชูุง โูููุดุงุณุง โฆ (+12 more)` | 22 |
| 64k | `โุฌู
ููุฑูุฉ โุงููููุบู โุงูุฏูู
ูุฑุงุทูุฉ ุ โุฒุงุฆูุฑ โุณุงุจููุง ุ โุนุงุตู
ุชูุง โูููุดุงุณุง . โฆ (+10 more)` | 20 |
</details>
### Load Word Embeddings
```python
from gensim.models import KeyedVectors
# Aligned embeddings (cross-lingual, mapped to English vector space)
wv = KeyedVectors.load("ar_embeddings_128d_aligned.kv")
similar = wv.most_similar("word", topn=5)
for word, score in similar:
print(f" {word}: {score:.3f}")
```
### Load N-gram Model
```python
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
df = pq.read_table("ar_3gram_word.parquet").to_pandas()
print(df.head())
```
## Models Overview

| Category | Assets |
|----------|--------|
| Tokenizers | BPE at 8k, 16k, 32k, 64k vocab sizes |
| N-gram models | 2 / 3 / 4 / 5-gram (word & subword) |
| Markov chains | Context 1โ5 (word & subword) |
| Embeddings | 32d, 64d, 128d โ mono & aligned |
| Vocabulary | Full frequency list + Zipf analysis |
| Statistics | Corpus & model statistics JSON |
## Metrics Summary
| Component | Model | Key Metric | Value |
|-----------|-------|------------|-------|
| Tokenizer | 8k BPE | Compression | 3.25x |
| Tokenizer | 16k BPE | Compression | 3.65x |
| Tokenizer | 32k BPE | Compression | 4.03x |
| Tokenizer | 64k BPE | Compression | 4.35x ๐ |
| N-gram | 2-gram (subword) | Perplexity | 426 ๐ |
| N-gram | 2-gram (word) | Perplexity | 359,826 |
| N-gram | 3-gram (subword) | Perplexity | 4,163 |
| N-gram | 3-gram (word) | Perplexity | 775,988 |
| N-gram | 4-gram (subword) | Perplexity | 27,277 |
| N-gram | 4-gram (word) | Perplexity | 1,494,234 |
| N-gram | 5-gram (subword) | Perplexity | 133,736 |
| N-gram | 5-gram (word) | Perplexity | 1,059,510 |
| Markov | ctx-1 (subword) | Predictability | 0.0% |
| Markov | ctx-1 (word) | Predictability | 0.0% |
| Markov | ctx-2 (subword) | Predictability | 17.3% |
| Markov | ctx-2 (word) | Predictability | 67.4% |
| Markov | ctx-3 (subword) | Predictability | 29.5% |
| Markov | ctx-3 (word) | Predictability | 89.5% |
| Markov | ctx-4 (subword) | Predictability | 35.2% |
| Markov | ctx-4 (word) | Predictability | 96.5% ๐ |
| Vocabulary | full | Size | 986,324 |
| Vocabulary | full | Zipf Rยฒ | 0.9920 |
| Embeddings | mono_32d | Isotropy | 0.8111 |
| Embeddings | mono_64d | Isotropy | 0.7841 |
| Embeddings | mono_128d | Isotropy | 0.7556 |
| Embeddings | aligned_32d | Isotropy | 0.8111 ๐ |
| Embeddings | aligned_64d | Isotropy | 0.7841 |
| Embeddings | aligned_128d | Isotropy | 0.7556 |
| Alignment | aligned_32d | R@1 / R@5 / R@10 | 13.4% / 35.0% / 48.6% |
| Alignment | aligned_64d | R@1 / R@5 / R@10 | 28.6% / 54.0% / 65.6% |
| Alignment | aligned_128d | R@1 / R@5 / R@10 | 37.2% / 65.0% / 76.6% ๐ |
๐ **[Full ablation study, per-model breakdowns, and interpretation guide โ](RESEARCH_REPORT.md)**
---
## About
Trained on [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly) โ monthly snapshots of 300+ Wikipedia languages.
A project by **[Wikilangs](https://wikilangs.org)** ยท Maintainer: [Omar Kamali](https://omarkamali.com) ยท [Omneity Labs](https://omneitylabs.com)
### Citation
```bibtex
@misc{wikilangs2025,
author = {Kamali, Omar},
title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
publisher = {Zenodo},
url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs},
institution = {Omneity Labs}
}
```
### Links
- ๐ [wikilangs.org](https://wikilangs.org)
- ๐ [Language page](https://wikilangs.org/languages/ar/)
- ๐ฎ [Playground](https://wikilangs.org/playground/?lang=ar)
- ๐ค [HuggingFace models](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
- ๐ [wikipedia-monthly dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
- ๐ค [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
- ๐ค Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
**License:** MIT โ free for academic and commercial use.
---
*Generated by Wikilangs Pipeline ยท 2026-03-04 13:56:39*
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