Trinity-Large-Thinking

Introduction

Trinity-Large-Thinking is a reasoning-optimized variant of Arcee AI's Trinity-Large family — a 398B-parameter sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model with approximately 13B active parameters per token. Built on Trinity-Large-Base and post-trained with extended chain-of-thought reasoning and agentic RL, Trinity-Large-Thinking delivers state-of-the-art performance on agentic benchmarks while maintaining strong general capabilities.

Trinity-Large-Thinking generates explicit reasoning traces wrapped in <think>...</think> blocks before producing its final response. This thinking process is critical to the model's performance — thinking tokens must be kept in context for multi-turn conversations and agentic loops to function correctly.

Try it at chat.arcee.ai

More details on the training of Trinity Large are available in the technical report.

Key Highlights

Agentic-first design: Purpose-built for tool calling, multi-step planning, and agent workflows
State-of-the-art agentic performance: 94.7% on τ²-Bench, 91.9% on PinchBench, 98.2% on LiveCodeBench
Native reasoning traces: Extended chain-of-thought via <think>...</think> blocks
Compatible with major agent frameworks: Works out of the box with OpenClaw and Hermes Agent
Ready to use on OpenRouter: No setup required — full reasoning and tool calling support via API

Model Variants

The Trinity Large family consists of four checkpoints:

Trinity-Large-Thinking (this release): Reasoning-optimized, agentic post-training with extended chain-of-thought
Trinity-Large-Preview: Lightly post-trained, chat-ready instruct model (no reasoning_content).
Trinity-Large-TrueBase: 10T-token pre-anneal pretraining checkpoint
Trinity-Large-Base: Full 17T-token pretrained foundation model with mid-training anneals

Architecture

Trinity-Large-Thinking shares the same sparse MoE architecture as Trinity-Large-Preview.

Hyperparameter	Value
Total parameters	~398B
Active parameters per token	~13B
Experts	256 (1 shared)
Active experts	4
Routing strategy	4-of-256 (1.56% sparsity)
Dense layers	6
Pretraining context length	8,192
Context length after extension	512k
Architecture	Sparse MoE (AfmoeForCausalLM)

Benchmarks

Benchmark	Trinity-Large-Thinking	Opus-4.6	GLM-5	MiniMax-M2.7	Kimi-K2.5
IFBench	52.3	53.1	72.3	75.7	70.2
GPQA-Diamond	76.3	89.2	81.6	86.2	86.9
Tau2-Airline	88.0	82.0	80.5	80.0	80.0
Tau2-Telecom	94.7	92.1	98.2	84.8	95.9
PinchBench	91.9	93.3	86.4	89.8	84.8
AIME25	96.3	99.8	93.3	80.0	96.3
BCFLv4	70.1	77.0	70.8	70.6	68.3
MMLU-Pro	83.4	89.1	85.8	80.8	87.1
SWE-bench Verified*	63.2	75.6	72.8	75.4	70.8

*All models evaluated in mini-swe-agent-v2

Thinking-in-Context: Important Usage Note

Trinity-Large-Thinking produces reasoning traces inside <think>...</think> blocks before generating its final response.

This means:

Multi-turn conversations: When building chat applications, include the full assistant response (thinking + answer) in the conversation history for subsequent turns.
Agentic loops: When using Trinity-Large-Thinking as the backbone of an agent (OpenClaw, Hermes Agent, or custom), ensure your tool-calling loop preserves <think> blocks in the message history between steps.
Context window management: The 512k extended context window accommodates long reasoning chains across many agentic steps. If you must truncate history, prefer removing older turns entirely rather than stripping thinking tokens from recent turns.

How thinking works

The model reasons internally before producing its response. When served via vLLM, the reasoning is separated into a dedicated reasoning_content field in the API response:

// API response structure
{
  "message": {
    "role": "assistant",
    "reasoning_content": "The user wants flight information. I need to determine the date for next Tuesday, search for flights SFO → JFK, and filter by price < $300.",
    "content": "\n",
    "tool_calls": [{
      "function": {
        "name": "search_flights",
        "arguments": "{\"origin\": \"SFO\", \"destination\": \"JFK\", \"date\": \"2026-04-07\", \"max_price\": 300}"
      }
    }]
  }
}

When building multi-turn agentic loops, include the reasoning_content back in the conversation history (re-wrapped in <think>...</think> tags within the assistant message) so the model retains its prior reasoning chain.

Training Configuration

Pretraining

Training tokens: 17 trillion
Data partner: Datology

Posttraining

Instruction tuning and agentic RL with extended chain-of-thought
Trained on tool-calling trajectories, multi-step agent tasks, and reasoning chains

Infrastructure

Hardware: 2,048 NVIDIA B300 GPUs
Parallelism: HSDP + Expert Parallelism
Compute partner: Prime Intellect

Usage

Running our model

vLLM (recommended for agentic deployments)
Transformers
API

vLLM

Supported in vLLM 0.11.1+. For agentic use with both reasoning and tool calling:

vllm serve arcee-ai/Trinity-Large-Thinking \
  --dtype bfloat16 \
  --enable-reasoning \
  --reasoning-parser deepseek_r1 \
  --enable-auto-tool-choice \
  --tool-call-parser qwen3_coder

This configuration:

--reasoning-parser deepseek_r1 — Parses <think>...</think> reasoning blocks and exposes them via the reasoning_content field in the API response
--tool-call-parser qwen3_coder — Parses structured tool calls from the model output into the OpenAI-compatible tool_calls array

Extracting reasoning content from the API response:

from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(api_key="EMPTY", base_url="http://localhost:8000/v1")

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="arcee-ai/Trinity-Large-Thinking",
    messages=[
        {"role": "user", "content": "What's the weather like in Paris?"}
    ],
    tools=[ # your tool definitions here
        {
            "type": "function",
            "function": {
                "name": "get_weather",
                "description": "Get current weather for a location",
                "parameters": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "location": {"type": "string"}
                    },
                    "required": ["location"]
                }
            }
        }
    ],
)

# Access reasoning (thinking) content
reasoning = response.choices[0].message.reasoning_content

# Access final response or tool calls
content = response.choices[0].message.content
tool_calls = response.choices[0].message.tool_calls

Note on thinking-in-context with vLLM: When building multi-turn agentic loops, include both reasoning_content and content in the conversation history you send back to the model. The reasoning content should be re-wrapped in <think>...</think> tags within the assistant message.

Transformers

Use the main transformers branch or pass trust_remote_code=True with a released version.

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch

model_id = "arcee-ai/Trinity-Large-Thinking"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_id,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="auto",
    trust_remote_code=True
)

messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"},
]

input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
    return_tensors="pt"
).to(model.device)

outputs = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    max_new_tokens=4096,
    do_sample=True,
    temperature=0.6,
    top_k=50,
    top_p=0.95
)

response = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
print(response)

API

Available on OpenRouter:

curl -X POST "https://openrouter.ai/v1/chat/completions" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENROUTER_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "model": "arcee-ai/trinity-large-thinking",
    "messages": [
      {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "What are some fun things to do in New York?"
      }
    ]
  }'

Agentic Use Cases

Trinity-Large-Thinking is optimized for deployment as the reasoning backbone of AI agent systems. It has been evaluated and performs excellently with:

OpenClaw

Trinity-Large-Thinking works as a drop-in brain for OpenClaw agents. Its native tool-calling format is compatible with OpenClaw's execution loop, and the extended reasoning enables reliable multi-step task completion — from email triage to code generation to meeting scheduling. Our 91.9% PinchBench score reflects real-world OpenClaw task performance.

Hermes Agent

Compatible with the Hermes Agent framework from Nous Research. Trinity-Large-Thinking's reasoning traces pair naturally with Hermes's skill-learning loop — the model's explicit chain-of-thought makes skill extraction more reliable, and its strong tool-calling capabilities integrate directly via the Hermes tool-use protocol.

Custom Agent Loops

For custom implementations, the key integration pattern is:

Send the user message with tool definitions
Receive the response with <think> reasoning + tool calls
Execute the tool calls
Append the full assistant response (thinking + content + tool calls) and tool results to the message history
Send the updated history back for the next step
Repeat until the model produces a final response without tool calls

License

Trinity-Large-Thinking is released under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

Citation

If you use this model, please cite:

@misc{singh2026arceetrinity,
  title        = {Arcee Trinity Large Technical Report},
  author       = {Varun Singh and Lucas Krauss and Sami Jaghouar and Matej Sirovatka and Charles Goddard and Fares Obied and Jack Min Ong and Jannik Straube and Fern and Aria Harley and Conner Stewart and Colin Kealty and Maziyar Panahi and Simon Kirsten and Anushka Deshpande and Anneketh Vij and Arthur Bresnu and Pranav Veldurthi and Raghav Ravishankar and Hardik Bishnoi and DatologyAI Team and Arcee AI Team and Prime Intellect Team and Mark McQuade and Johannes Hagemann and Lucas Atkins},
  year         = {2026},
  eprint       = {2602.17004},
  archivePrefix= {arXiv},
  primaryClass = {cs.LG},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2602.17004},
  url          = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17004}
}