LLM as Graph Kernel: Rethinking Message Passing on Text-Rich Graphs
Paper • 2603.14937 • Published
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Sample_from_MAPLE_Economics | PLCAEHOLDER | ["the economic organization of legislatures and how it affects congressional voting congress confron(...TRUNCATED) | [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,(...TRUNCATED) | [[],[73],[14,46,25,72,17,5,71,65,44,69,50,41],[25],[51],[],[2,71,50],[62,30,70],[2],[32,55],[44],[],(...TRUNCATED) |
Sample_from_MAPLE_Economics | PLCAEHOLDER | ["sticks and carrots two incentive mechanisms supporting intra group cooperation abstract in this no(...TRUNCATED) | [
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Sample_from_MAPLE_Economics | PLCAEHOLDER | ["sequential formation of coalitions in games with externalities and fixed payoff division this pape(...TRUNCATED) | [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,(...TRUNCATED) | [[7,50],[],[54,47,50,55,8],[],[54,47,35,8,34],[],[54,47,21],[0],[10,13,9,0,51,35,50,12],[],[13,27,0,(...TRUNCATED) |
Sample_from_MAPLE_Economics | PLCAEHOLDER | ["the human firm in the natural environment a socio economic analysis of its behavior abstract new r(...TRUNCATED) | [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,(...TRUNCATED) | [[],[],[],[39],[43],[29],[29,8],[31,1],[],[],[9],[],[29],[40,38],[],[28,29],[14],[29],[],[14,21],[39(...TRUNCATED) |
Sample_from_MAPLE_Economics | PLCAEHOLDER | ["median voters or budget maximizers evidence from school expenditure referenda some readers may hav(...TRUNCATED) | [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,(...TRUNCATED) | [[],[],[26,50,58,14],[],[63,21],[],[],[65,25,21],[50,6,0,47],[62,3],[50,15],[],[65,24],[25,21],[15,4(...TRUNCATED) |
Sample_from_MAPLE_Economics | PLCAEHOLDER | ["war and natural resource exploitation abstract we build a theoretical framework that allows for en(...TRUNCATED) | [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,(...TRUNCATED) | [[17],[17],[17],[8,30,34,35,45,39,5,16,15,9,14,32,43],[3],[30,9,14,43],[2,17],[37],[],[15,14,32],[3,(...TRUNCATED) |
This dataset contains pretrained data constructed from academic text-rich graphs (MAPLE) spanning three disciplines: Economics, Mathematics, and Geology. It is used for pretraining RAMP (Raw-text Anchored Message Passing), which recasts the LLM as a graph-native aggregation operator on text-rich graphs.
The dataset includes the following files:
pretrained_Economics.jsonpretrained_Mathematics.jsonpretrained_Geology.jsonThis is a release from our paper LLM as Graph Kernel: Rethinking Message Passing on Text-Rich Graphs, so please cite it if using this dataset.
@article{zhang2026llm,
title={LLM as Graph Kernel: Rethinking Message Passing on Text-Rich Graphs},
author={Zhang, Ying and Yu, Hang and Zhang, Haipeng and Di, Peng},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.14937},
year={2026}
}