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train

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The dataset generation failed

Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    TypeError
Message:      'int' object is not a mapping
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 242, in _generate_tables
                  pa_table = paj.read_json(
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 342, in pyarrow._json.read_json
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Column() changed from object to number in row 0
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1872, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 256, in _generate_tables
                  batch = json_encode_fields_in_json_lines(original_batch, json_field_paths)
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/utils/json.py", line 108, in json_encode_fields_in_json_lines
                  examples = [json_encode_field(example, json_field_path) for example in examples]
                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/utils/json.py", line 34, in json_encode_field
                  return {**example, field: json_encode_field(example.get(field), json_field_path)}
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
              TypeError: 'int' object is not a mapping
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1347, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 980, in convert_to_parquet
                  builder.download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 884, in download_and_prepare
                  self._download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 947, in _download_and_prepare
                  self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1739, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1925, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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index int64	link string	question string	answer_idx string	explanation string	field string	image_paths list
0	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2811509	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2811509	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2811509	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Coin-Shaped_Opacities_in_the_Stomach___Acid_Base__Electrolytes__Fluids___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_0_0.jpg" ]
1	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2811315	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2811315	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2811315	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Pediatric_Patient_With_Persistent_Postoperative_Fevers_After_Esophageal_Foreign_Body_Removal___Surgery___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_1_0.jpg" ]
2	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2811083	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2811083	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2811083	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Tzanck_Smear_of_Ulcerated_Plaques___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_2_0.jpg" ]
3	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810596	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810596	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810596	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Peripheral_Blasts_in_a_Patient_Receiving_Chemotherapy___Hematology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_3_0.jpg" ]
4	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2810537	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2810537	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2810537	JAMA Neurology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Progressive_Cranial_Neuropathy___Dermatology___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_4_0.jpg", "image_proc/Progressive_Cranial_Neuropathy___Dermatology___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_4_1.jpg" ]
5	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2810749	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2810749	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2810749	JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Young_Man_With_a_Neck_Mass_and_Hypereosinophilia___Allergy_and_Clinical_Immunology___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_5_0.jpg" ]
6	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2810850	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2810850	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2810850	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Rare_Case_of_Idiopathic_Lymphadenopathy___Pain_Medicine___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_6_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Rare_Case_of_Idiopathic_Lymphadenopathy___Pain_Medicine___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_6_1.jpg" ]
7	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2810393	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2810393	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2810393	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/An_Elderly_Woman_With_Ventricular_Tachycardia___Geriatrics___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_7_0.jpg", "image_proc/An_Elderly_Woman_With_Ventricular_Tachycardia___Geriatrics___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_7_1.jpg" ]
8	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2810452	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2810452	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2810452	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Destructive_Facial_Plaque_and_Palatal_Perforation_in_a_Middle-Aged_Woman___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_9_0.jpg" ]
9	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2808316	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2808316	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2808316	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Mastoiditis_in_a_Patient_With_Seizures___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_10_0.jpg" ]
10	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2808660	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2808660	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2808660	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Uvular_Lesion_in_a_62-Year-Old_Man___Dermatology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_11_0.jpg", "image_proc/Uvular_Lesion_in_a_62-Year-Old_Man___Dermatology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_11_1.jpg" ]
11	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809279	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809279	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809279	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Man_With_Disappearing_Subconjunctival_Foreign_Body___Emergency_Medicine___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_13_0.jpg", "image_proc/Man_With_Disappearing_Subconjunctival_Foreign_Body___Emergency_Medicine___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_13_1.jpg" ]
12	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809480	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809480	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809480	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Gravitational_Shifting_of_a_Pigmented_Iris_Lesion_in_a_Young_Boy___Adolescent_Medicine___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_14_0.jpg" ]
13	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2808886	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2808886	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2808886	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Multiple_Long-Standing_Papules_and_Nodules_on_the_Left_Lower_Leg___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_15_0.jpg", "image_proc/Multiple_Long-Standing_Papules_and_Nodules_on_the_Left_Lower_Leg___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_15_1.jpg" ]
14	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2809085	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2809085	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2809085	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Cutaneous_Vascular_Malformations_in_a_53-Year-Old_Woman_With_Neurologic_Symptoms___Cerebrovascular_Disease___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_16_0.jpg" ]
15	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2810142	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2810142	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2810142	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Amelanotic_Fundus_Lesion_in_an_Older_White_Woman___Health_Care_Safety___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_17_0.jpg" ]
16	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2809657	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2809657	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2809657	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Multiple_Itchy_Erythematous_Papules_and_Plaques_Localized_to_1_Shin___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_18_0.jpg" ]
17	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809652	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809652	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2809652	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Macular_Star__Optic_Disc_Swelling__and_Lethargy_in_a_Child___Emergency_Medicine___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_19_0.jpg", "image_proc/Macular_Star__Optic_Disc_Swelling__and_Lethargy_in_a_Child___Emergency_Medicine___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_19_1.jpg" ]
18	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2809348	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2809348	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2809348	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Congenital_Tongue_Mass___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_20_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Congenital_Tongue_Mass___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_20_1.jpg" ]
19	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2809109	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2809109	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2809109	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Rash_and_Poor_Wound_Healing_After_Mastectomy___Allergy_and_Clinical_Immunology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_21_0.jpg", "image_proc/Rash_and_Poor_Wound_Healing_After_Mastectomy___Allergy_and_Clinical_Immunology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_21_1.jpg" ]
20	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2807476	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2807476	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2807476	JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Scattered_Painful_Papulonodules_in_an_Older_Woman___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_22_0.jpg" ]
21	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2807704	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2807704	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2807704	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Violaceous_Plaque_With_Blackish_Papules_and_Nodules_in_an_Elderly_Man___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_23_0.jpg", "image_proc/Violaceous_Plaque_With_Blackish_Papules_and_Nodules_in_an_Elderly_Man___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_23_1.jpg" ]
22	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2807444	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2807444	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2807444	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Unilateral_Exudative_Retinal_Lesion_in_a_Previously_Healthy_Female_Teenager___Dermatology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_25_0.jpg" ]
23	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807957	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807957	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807957	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Patient_With_Pulmonary_Symptoms__Dysphagia__and_Raynaud_Disease___Rheumatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_26_0.jpg" ]
24	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2806318	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2806318	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2806318	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Teenager_With_Dysphagia__Mild_Dyspnea__and_an_Indolent_Mass___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_27_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Teenager_With_Dysphagia__Mild_Dyspnea__and_an_Indolent_Mass___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_i...
25	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2806644	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2806644	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2806644	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Sudden-Onset_Bilateral_Mydriasis_in_a_Young_Girl___Demyelinating_Disorders___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_28_0.jpg" ]
26	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2806274	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2806274	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2806274	JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Left_Shoulder_Fungating_Mass_in_a_46-Year-Old_Man___Dermatology___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_29_0.jpg", "image_proc/Left_Shoulder_Fungating_Mass_in_a_46-Year-Old_Man___Dermatology___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_29_1.jpg" ]
27	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2806495	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2806495	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2806495	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/_Retinal_Vasculitis__With_Bilateral_Retinal_Detachments___Oncology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_30_0.jpg", "image_proc/_Retinal_Vasculitis__With_Bilateral_Retinal_Detachments___Oncology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_30_1.jpg" ]
28	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807531	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807531	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807531	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Radiographic_Absence_of_the_Left_Humeral_Head___Emergency_Medicine___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_31_0.jpg", "image_proc/Radiographic_Absence_of_the_Left_Humeral_Head___Emergency_Medicine___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_31_1.jpg" ]
29	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2806695	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2806695	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2806695	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Management_of_Postpartum_Left_Main_Spontaneous_Coronary_Artery_Dissection___Acute_Coronary_Syndromes___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_32_0.jpg", "image_proc/Management_of_Postpartum_Left_Main_Spontaneous_Coronary_Artery_Dissection___Acute_Coronary_Syndromes___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image...
30	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2806311	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2806311	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2806311	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Treatment-Resistant_Edematous_Annular_Plaques_and_Mild_Leukopenia_in_a_Man_in_His_60s___Clinical_Challenge___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_33_0.jpg", "image_proc/Treatment-Resistant_Edematous_Annular_Plaques_and_Mild_Leukopenia_in_a_Man_in_His_60s___Clinical_Challenge___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA...
31	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2806818	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2806818	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2806818	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Progressive_Generalized_Skin_Laxity_in_a_Young_Woman___Coagulation_Disorders___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_34_0.jpg" ]
32	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807273	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807273	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807273	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Child_With_Large_Pulmonary_and_Liver_Cysts___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_35_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Child_With_Large_Pulmonary_and_Liver_Cysts___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_35_1.jpg" ]
33	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2806639	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2806639	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2806639	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Heart_Failure__Neuropathy__and_Spinal_Stenosis___Genetics_and_Genomics___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_37_0.jpg" ]
34	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805070	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805070	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805070	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Red_Eye_and_Choroidal_Detachment_in_an_Older_Woman___Cerebrovascular_Disease___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_38_0.jpg", "image_proc/Red_Eye_and_Choroidal_Detachment_in_an_Older_Woman___Cerebrovascular_Disease___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_38_1.jpg" ]
35	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805396	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805396	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805396	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/An_Unusual_Spontaneous_Acute_Deepening_of_the_Anterior_Chamber___Ophthalmology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_39_0.jpg", "image_proc/An_Unusual_Spontaneous_Acute_Deepening_of_the_Anterior_Chamber___Ophthalmology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_39_1.jpg" ]
36	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805508	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805508	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805508	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Man_With_Kaleidoscope_Vision___Dermatology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_40_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Man_With_Kaleidoscope_Vision___Dermatology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_40_1.jpg" ]
37	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2805264	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2805264	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2805264	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Unusually_Unnerved___Oncology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_42_0.jpg", "image_proc/Unusually_Unnerved___Oncology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_42_1.jpg" ]
38	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2805459	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2805459	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2805459	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Nodule_of_the_Midline_Dorsal_Tongue___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_43_0.jpg", "image_proc/Nodule_of_the_Midline_Dorsal_Tongue___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_43_1.jpg" ]
39	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2805527	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2805527	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2805527	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Fever__Pancytopenia__and_Tender_Erythematous_Plaques_in_a_Patient_With_Multiple_Myeloma___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_45_0.jpg" ]
40	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2805562	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2805562	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2805562	JAMA Neurology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Posterior_Reversible_Encephalopathy_Syndrome_in_a_Child_With_Renovascular_Hypertension___Pediatrics___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_46_0.jpg" ]
41	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2806233	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2806233	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2806233	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Diffuse_Cutaneous_Eruption___Dermatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_47_0.jpg" ]
42	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805120	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805120	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805120	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Black_Tongue_Discoloration___Dermatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_48_0.jpg" ]
43	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2803833	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2803833	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2803833	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Oropharyngeal_Lesion_in_a_7-Year-Old_Girl___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_49_0.jpg" ]
44	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2803851	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2803851	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2803851	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Bilateral_Hypopyon_in_a_Young_Woman___Hematology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_50_0.jpg", "image_proc/Bilateral_Hypopyon_in_a_Young_Woman___Hematology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_50_1.jpg" ]
45	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2804363	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2804363	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2804363	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Abnormal_Eye_Movements_in_a_Young_Girl___Neuro-ophthalmology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_51_0.jpg", "image_proc/Abnormal_Eye_Movements_in_a_Young_Girl___Neuro-ophthalmology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_51_1.jpg" ]
46	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2804447	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2804447	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2804447	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_72-Year-Old_Kidney_Transplant_Recipient_With_Visual_Changes___Chronic_Kidney_Disease___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_53_0.jpg" ]
47	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2803777	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2803777	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2803777	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Pink__Dome-Shaped_Papule_of_the_Scalp_in_a_Patient_With_Multiple_Squamous_Cell_Carcinomas___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_54_0.jpg" ]
48	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2803934	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2803934	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2803934	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Acute_Respiratory_Distress_Following_Percutaneous_Coronary_Intervention_of_Osteal_Occlusion_of_Left_Main_Coronary_Artery___Clinical_Pharmacy_and_Pharmacology___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_56_0.jpg", "image_proc/Acute_Respiratory_Distress_Following_Percutaneous_Coronary_Intervention_of_Osteal_...
49	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2805065	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2805065	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2805065	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Woman_With_Syncope_and_Frequent_Premature_Ventricular_Contractions___Cardiology___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_57_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Woman_With_Syncope_and_Frequent_Premature_Ventricular_Contractions___Cardiology___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_57_1.jpg" ]
50	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804367	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804367	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804367	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Abdominal_Pain_and_Hypotension_in_a_70-Year-Old_Woman___Surgery___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_58_0.jpg", "image_proc/Abdominal_Pain_and_Hypotension_in_a_70-Year-Old_Woman___Surgery___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_58_1.jpg" ]
51	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804051	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804051	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804051	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Abdominal_Pain_and_Petechial_Rash_in_a_95-Year-Old_Farmer___Dermatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_59_0.jpg", "image_proc/Abdominal_Pain_and_Petechial_Rash_in_a_95-Year-Old_Farmer___Dermatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_59_1.jpg" ]
52	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2803658	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2803658	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2803658	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Blurred_Vision_After_a_Kidney_Transplant___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_60_0.jpg", "image_proc/Blurred_Vision_After_a_Kidney_Transplant___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_60_1.jpg" ]
53	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2802569	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2802569	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2802569	JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Left_Axilla_Adenocarcinoma_of_Unknown_Origin___Oncology___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_61_0.jpg", "image_proc/Left_Axilla_Adenocarcinoma_of_Unknown_Origin___Oncology___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_61_1.jpg" ]
54	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801610	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801610	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801610	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Hump-like_Neck_Mass_in_a_Child___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_62_0.jpg" ]
55	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801970	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801970	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801970	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Slow-Growing_Pediatric_Neck_Mass___Oncology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_63_0.jpg", "image_proc/Slow-Growing_Pediatric_Neck_Mass___Oncology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_63_1.jpg" ]
56	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2802781	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2802781	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2802781	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Pinpoint_Orifice_on_the_Glans_Penis_of_a_Young_Man___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_64_0.jpg" ]
57	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2803025	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2803025	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2803025	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Patient_With_Diabetes_and_Spontaneous_Blistering_of_the_Right_Lower_Extremity___Dermatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_65_0.jpg" ]
58	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802378	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802378	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802378	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Monocular_Vision_Loss_in_a_Patient_With_Earache_and_Night_Sweats___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_66_0.jpg", "image_proc/Monocular_Vision_Loss_in_a_Patient_With_Earache_and_Night_Sweats___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_66_1.jpg" ]
59	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802123	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802123	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802123	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Acute-Onset_Orbital_Inflammation_in_a_Patient_With_Multiple_Myeloma___Clinical_Pharmacy_and_Pharmacology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_67_0.jpg", "image_proc/Acute-Onset_Orbital_Inflammation_in_a_Patient_With_Multiple_Myeloma___Clinical_Pharmacy_and_Pharmacology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA...
60	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802694	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802694	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2802694	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Case_of_Acute_Chest_Pain_After_Acetazolamide_to_Treat_Uncontrolled_Increased_Intraocular_Pressure___Glaucoma___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_68_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Case_of_Acute_Chest_Pain_After_Acetazolamide_to_Treat_Uncontrolled_Increased_Intraocular_Pressure___Glaucoma___JAMA_Ophthalm...
61	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2801593	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2801593	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2801593	JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Worsening_Rash_in_a_Patient_With_Metastatic_Breast_Cancer___Dermatology___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_69_0.jpg" ]
62	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801145	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801145	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801145	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Nearly_Obstructive_Intratracheal_Mass_in_a_Pediatric_Patient___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_70_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Nearly_Obstructive_Intratracheal_Mass_in_a_Pediatric_Patient___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network...
63	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801952	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801952	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801952	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Cerebrospinal_Fluid_in_the_Middle_Ear_in_a_Child___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_71_0.jpg", "image_proc/Cerebrospinal_Fluid_in_the_Middle_Ear_in_a_Child___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_71_1.jpg" ]
64	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2801445	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2801445	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2801445	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Numerous_Ulcerated_Plaques_of_the_Trunk_and_Extremities_in_a_Patient_Receiving_Long-term_Hydroxyurea_Therapy___Cutaneous_Drug_Reactions___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_72_0.jpg" ]
65	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2801708	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2801708	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2801708	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Long_History_of_Multiple_Painless_Scalp_Nodules_in_a_Middle-aged_Woman___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_73_0.jpg" ]
66	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2800307	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2800307	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2800307	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Woman_With_Recurrent_Torsade_de_Pointes___Cardiology___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_74_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Woman_With_Recurrent_Torsade_de_Pointes___Cardiology___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_74_1.jpg" ]
67	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2802114	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2802114	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2802114	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Young_Woman_With_Dyspnea_During_Cardiac_Catheterization___Valvular_Heart_Disease___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_75_0.jpg" ]
68	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2801307	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2801307	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2801307	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Pigmented_Corneal_Lesions_After_Cataract_Surgery___Cornea___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_76_0.jpg", "image_proc/Pigmented_Corneal_Lesions_After_Cataract_Surgery___Cornea___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_76_1.jpg" ]
69	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2800245	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2800245	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2800245	JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Case_of_Multiple_Hemorrhagic_Friable_Nodules___Clinical_Challenge___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_77_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Case_of_Multiple_Hemorrhagic_Friable_Nodules___Clinical_Challenge___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_77_1.jpg" ]
70	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799810	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799810	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799810	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Orbital_Proptosis_and_Sinusitis_in_a_Middle-aged_Woman___Ophthalmology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_78_0.jpg", "image_proc/Orbital_Proptosis_and_Sinusitis_in_a_Middle-aged_Woman___Ophthalmology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_78_1.jpg" ]
71	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801146	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801146	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2801146	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Lip_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma_With_Spontaneous_Eruption_and_Drainage___Dermatology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_79_0.jpg", "image_proc/Lip_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma_With_Spontaneous_Eruption_and_Drainage___Dermatology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Netwo...
72	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2800959	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2800959	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2800959	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Persistent_Green-Blue_Plaque_in_a_Healthy_Woman___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_80_0.jpg", "image_proc/Persistent_Green-Blue_Plaque_in_a_Healthy_Woman___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_80_1.jpg" ]
73	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2799722	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2799722	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2799722	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/One_Beat_Is_All_It_Takes_Wide_Complex_Tachycardia_in_a_Middle-aged_Man___Rhythm_Disorders___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_82_0.jpg", "image_proc/One_Beat_Is_All_It_Takes_Wide_Complex_Tachycardia_in_a_Middle-aged_Man___Rhythm_Disorders___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_82_1.jpg" ]
74	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2799621	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2799621	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2799621	JAMA Neurology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Severe_Cervicodynia_in_a_Patient_With_Pustules_on_the_Palms___Dermatology___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_83_0.jpg", "image_proc/Severe_Cervicodynia_in_a_Patient_With_Pustules_on_the_Palms___Dermatology___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_83_1.jpg" ]
75	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801221	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801221	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801221	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Man_With_Asymptomatic_Ulcerated_White_Plaques_on_the_Soft_Palate___Dermatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_84_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Man_With_Asymptomatic_Ulcerated_White_Plaques_on_the_Soft_Palate___Dermatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_84_1.jpg" ]
76	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799739	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799739	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799739	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/An_Amelanotic_Choroidal_Lesion_in_a_68-Year-Old_Man___Hematology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_85_0.jpg", "image_proc/An_Amelanotic_Choroidal_Lesion_in_a_68-Year-Old_Man___Hematology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_85_1.jpg" ]
77	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799986	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799986	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799986	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Ocular_Tumor_in_a_Woman_With_Breast_and_Kidney_Carcinomas___Nephrology___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_86_0.jpg" ]
78	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2800134	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2800134	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2800134	JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/An_Atypical_Rash_on_the_Chest___Breast_Cancer___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_87_0.jpg" ]
79	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799630	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799630	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799630	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Large_Bilateral_Compressible_Neck_Mass_in_55-Year-Old_Man___Oncology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_88_0.jpg" ]
80	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2800122	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2800122	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2800122	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Generalized__Linear_Hyperkeratotic_Papules_With_Numerous_White_Spicules_and_Comedo-like_Plugs___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_89_0.jpg" ]
81	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2798977	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2798977	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2798977	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Case_of_Right_Bundle_Branch_Block_With_Changing_Axis___Cardiology___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_91_0.jpg" ]
82	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2799184	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2799184	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2799184	JAMA Neurology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Progressive_Camptocormia_With_Head_Drop_and_Dysphagia___Hematology___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_92_0.jpg", "image_proc/Progressive_Camptocormia_With_Head_Drop_and_Dysphagia___Hematology___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_92_1.jpg" ]
83	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800201	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800201	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800201	JAMA Diagnostic Test Interpretation	[ "image_proc/Home_Sleep_Apnea_Testing_for_the_Diagnosis_of_Obstructive_Sleep_Apnea___Medical_Devices_and_Equipment___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_93_0.jpg" ]
84	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2798368	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2798368	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2798368	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Case_of_Unilateral_Intraocular_Pressure_Elevation_in_a_Patient_With_Glaucoma___Glaucoma___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_94_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Case_of_Unilateral_Intraocular_Pressure_Elevation_in_a_Patient_With_Glaucoma___Glaucoma___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_94_1.jpg" ]
85	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2798780	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2798780	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2798780	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Acute_Unilateral_Proptosis_After_Blunt_Orbital_Trauma_in_an_Adolescent_Patient___Emergency_Medicine___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_95_0.jpg" ]
86	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2798549	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2798549	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2798549	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Cervical_Lymphadenopathy_and_Airway_Masses_in_a_Child___Hematology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_96_0.jpg" ]
87	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799064	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799064	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2799064	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Young_Man_Presenting_With_Tongue_Lesions___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_97_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Young_Man_Presenting_With_Tongue_Lesions___Otolaryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_97_1.jpg" ]
88	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799529	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799529	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2799529	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Seeing_Blue_Dots_After_COVID-19_Infection___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_98_0.jpg", "image_proc/Seeing_Blue_Dots_After_COVID-19_Infection___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_98_1.jpg" ]
89	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2798500	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2798500	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2798500	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Progressive_Hair_Loss_With_Short_Hair_in_a_Child___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_99_0.jpg" ]
90	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2798922	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2798922	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2798922	JAMA Dermatology Clinicopathological Challenge	[ "image_proc/Intensively_Pruritic_Annular_Papules_on_the_Extremities_of_a_Middle-aged_Woman___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_100_0.jpg", "image_proc/Intensively_Pruritic_Annular_Papules_on_the_Extremities_of_a_Middle-aged_Woman___Dermatology___JAMA_Dermatology___JAMA_Network_image_100_1.jpg" ]
91	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2798652	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2798652	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2798652	JAMA Cardiology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Primary_Prevention_Management_of_Elevated_Lipoprotein_a____Cardiology___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_101_0.jpg", "image_proc/Primary_Prevention_Management_of_Elevated_Lipoprotein_a____Cardiology___JAMA_Cardiology___JAMA_Network_image_101_1.jpg" ]
92	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2798382	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2798382	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2798382	JAMA Neurology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Slowly_Progressive_Cerebellar_Ataxia_in_a_55-Year-Old_Female_Patient___Neurogenetics___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_102_0.jpg", "image_proc/Slowly_Progressive_Cerebellar_Ataxia_in_a_55-Year-Old_Female_Patient___Neurogenetics___JAMA_Neurology___JAMA_Network_image_102_1.jpg" ]
93	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799179	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799179	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799179	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Abdominal_Pain_in_a_15-Year-Old_Adolescent_Girl___Emergency_Medicine___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_103_0.jpg" ]
94	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798991	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798991	B	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798991	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_6-Year-Old_Boy_With_Cough__Mucositis__and_Vesiculobullous_Skin_Lesions___Dermatology___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_104_0.jpg" ]
95	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798670	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798670	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798670	JAMA Diagnostic Test Interpretation	[ "image_proc/Peritoneal_Fluid_Analysis_in_Peritoneal_Dialysis_Associated_Peritonitis___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_105_0.jpg", "image_proc/Peritoneal_Fluid_Analysis_in_Peritoneal_Dialysis_Associated_Peritonitis___Infectious_Diseases___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_105_1.jpg" ]
96	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2797391	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2797391	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2797391	Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Delayed-Onset_Bilateral_Vocal_Fold_Paralysis_Following_Anterior_Cervical_Discectomy_and_Fusion_Surgery___Laryngology___JAMA_Otolaryngology_Head___Neck_Surgery___JAMA_Network_image_106_0.jpg", "image_proc/Delayed-Onset_Bilateral_Vocal_Fold_Paralysis_Following_Anterior_Cervical_Discectomy_and_Fusion_Sur...
97	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2797837	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2797837	A	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2797837	JAMA Ophthalmology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/A_Pigmented_Iris_Lesion___Intraocular_Tumors___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_107_0.jpg", "image_proc/A_Pigmented_Iris_Lesion___Intraocular_Tumors___JAMA_Ophthalmology___JAMA_Network_image_107_1.jpg" ]
98	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2797858	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2797858	D	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2797858	JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Generalized_Cutaneous_Nodules_on_the_Trunk_and_Extremities___Dermatology___JAMA_Oncology___JAMA_Network_image_108_0.jpg" ]
99	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798218	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798218	C	Content available at the original source. Please refer to: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798218	JAMA Clinical Challenge	[ "image_proc/Intermittent_Chest_Pain_in_a_46-Year-Old_Patient___Acute_Coronary_Syndromes___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_111_0.jpg", "image_proc/Intermittent_Chest_Pain_in_a_46-Year-Old_Patient___Acute_Coronary_Syndromes___JAMA___JAMA_Network_image_111_1.jpg" ]

End of preview.

YAML Metadata Warning:empty or missing yaml metadata in repo card

Check out the documentation for more information.

Health-AI-Readiness Dataset

Medical Visual Question Answering (VQA) datasets for AI research in healthcare. This dataset collection is hosted on Hugging Face and can be downloaded using the provided Python script.

📦 Quick Start

Download from Hugging Face

# Download the script from this repository
cp download.py /path/to/your/project/

# Install dependencies
pip install huggingface_hub tqdm

# Download all datasets
python download.py --output_dir ./data

# Download specific datasets
python download.py --output_dir ./data --files JAMA.zip NEJM_image_challenge.zip

Custom Repository

python download.py \
    --repo_id Kiwi321/Health-AI-Readiness \
    --output_dir ./custom_data

📊 Available Datasets

Dataset	Size	Files	Description
JAMA	321 MB	Medical images	JAMA clinical challenges
NEJM_image_challenge	65 MB	Image cases	New England Journal of Medicine
PMC-VQA	79 KB	VQA pairs	PubMed Central questions
OmniMedVQA	30 KB	VQA pairs	Multi-domain medical QA
VQA_RAD	30 KB	VQA pairs	Radiology VQA

📁 Directory Structure

data/
├── JAMA/                       # JAMA Clinical Challenge Dataset (338MB)
│   ├── jama_processed.json     # Core data file
│   └── image_proc/             # Image folder (processed images)
│
├── NEJM_image_challenge/       # NEJM Image Challenge Dataset (71MB)
│   ├── test_sample_120.json    # NEJM-cot/no-cot test set (120 samples)
│   ├── test_no_context_v0.json # ST_v0 stress test (197 samples)
│   ├── test_reformat_*_v*.json # ST_v1-v6 stress test variants
│   ├── test_Image_aug_*.json   # ST_v7-v8 stress test (40 samples)
│   └── images/                 # Image folder
│
├── VQA_RAD/                    # VQA-RAD Radiology Dataset (17MB)
│   ├── dataset.md              # Dataset download and setup instructions
│   ├── test.json               # Full test set (315 questions)
│   ├── test_sample_100.json    # VQA-RAD-cot/no-cot test set (100 samples)
│   └── images/                 # Image folder (download required)
│
├── PMC-VQA/                    # PMC-VQA Dataset
│   ├── dataset.md              # Dataset download and setup instructions
│   ├── test_2_500_sample.json  # Test set (500 samples)
│   └── figures/                # Image folder (download images_2.zip)
│
└── OmniMedVQA/                 # OmniMedVQA Comprehensive Dataset (280KB)
    ├── dataset.md              # Dataset download and setup instructions
    ├── sampled_vqa_500.json    # Sampled data (500 samples)
    └── Images/                 # Image folder (download required)

📥 Additional Image Downloads

Some datasets require downloading images separately. See the dataset.md file in each folder for detailed instructions.

Datasets that need image downloads:

VQA-RAD
- Download from: https://huggingface.co/datasets/flaviagiammarino/vqa-rad
- Images go into: VQA_RAD/images/
PMC-VQA
- Download from: https://huggingface.co/datasets/xmcmic/PMC-VQA
- Download file: images_2.zip (Version 2, 2.1GB)
- Extract to: PMC-VQA/figures/
OmniMedVQA
- Download from: https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenGVLab/OmniMedVQA
- Images go into: OmniMedVQA/Images/

Datasets already complete (no additional downloads needed):

JAMA - All images included in image_proc/
NEJM_image_challenge - All images included in images/

🚀 Features

✅ Automatic download from Hugging Face
✅ Progress bars for large files
✅ Automatic extraction of zip archives
✅ Cross-platform compatible (Windows, Linux, macOS)
✅ Flexible file selection
✅ Custom repository support

Dataset Usage

Core Datasets

JAMA: For JAMA clinical challenge evaluation
NEJM_image_challenge: For NEJM image challenge evaluation and multiple stress test variants

Stress Tests

ST_v0 - test_no_context_v0.json (no context)
ST_v1-v6 - test_reformat_*.json (answer variants)
ST_v7-v8 - test_Image_aug_*.json (image augmentation)
ST_v10 - refined_mcq_selected_final_v10.json (unseen data)

Optional Datasets (image downloads required)

VQA_RAD: Radiology VQA evaluation (supports CoT and non-CoT)
- See details: VQA_RAD/dataset.md
PMC-VQA: PubMed Central multiple-choice VQA evaluation
- See details: PMC-VQA/dataset.md
OmniMedVQA: Comprehensive medical VQA evaluation (multi-modal, multi-task)
- See details: OmniMedVQA/dataset.md

Total Size

Currently included: ~709MB
After downloading all optional datasets: ~2-3GB (varies based on dataset sizes)

🔗 Links

Hugging Face Repository: Kiwi321/Health-AI-Readiness
Download Script: /home/jifu/NatMed_sub/medical-vqa-release/data/download.py
VQA-RAD Source: https://huggingface.co/datasets/flaviagiammarino/vqa-rad
PMC-VQA Source: https://huggingface.co/datasets/xmcmic/PMC-VQA
OmniMedVQA Source: https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenGVLab/OmniMedVQA

Last updated: 2026-03-09 Source directory: /home/jifu/code/_Natmedcode/data

Downloads last month: 23

Total file size:

111 MB