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id
string
instrument
string
jurisdiction
string
article
string
title
string
text
string
url
string
topics
list
date
timestamp[s]
celex
string
rome1_4_1
Rome I (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008)
EU
Art. 4(1)
Applicable law in the absence of choice
To the extent that the law applicable to the contract has not been chosen in accordance with Article 3 and without prejudice to Articles 5 to 8, the law governing the contract shall be determined as follows: (a) a contract for the sale of goods shall be governed by the law of the country where the seller has his habitu...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593
[ "contracts", "applicable law", "sale of goods", "services" ]
2008-06-17T00:00:00
32008R0593
rome1_4_2_4
Rome I (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008)
EU
Art. 4(2)-(4)
Applicable law in the absence of choice (characteristic performance & closer connection)
2. Where the contract is not covered by paragraph 1 or where the elements of the contract would be covered by more than one of the points (a) to (h) of paragraph 1, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country where the party required to effect the characteristic performance of the contract has his habitual...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593
[ "contracts", "applicable law", "characteristic performance" ]
2008-06-17T00:00:00
32008R0593
rome1_6_1
Rome I (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008)
EU
Art. 6(1)
Consumer contracts
Without prejudice to Articles 5 and 7, a contract concluded by a natural person for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession (the consumer) with another person acting in the exercise of his trade or profession (the professional) shall be governed by the law of the country where the consu...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593
[ "contracts", "applicable law", "consumer" ]
2008-06-17T00:00:00
32008R0593
rome1_6_2
Rome I (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008)
EU
Art. 6(2)
Consumer contracts - Choice of law
Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the parties may choose the law applicable to a contract which fulfils the requirements of paragraph 1, in accordance with Article 3. Such a choice may not, however, have the result of depriving the consumer of the protection afforded to him by provisions that cannot be derogated from by agr...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593
[ "contracts", "applicable law", "consumer", "choice of law" ]
2008-06-17T00:00:00
32008R0593
rome1_8_1
Rome I (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008)
EU
Art. 8(1)
Individual employment contracts - Choice of law
An individual employment contract shall be governed by the law chosen by the parties in accordance with Article 3. Such a choice of law may not, however, have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him by provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement under the law that, in the absenc...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593
[ "contracts", "applicable law", "employment" ]
2008-06-17T00:00:00
32008R0593
rome1_8_2
Rome I (Regulation (EC) No 593/2008)
EU
Art. 8(2)-(4)
Individual employment contracts - Absence of choice
2. To the extent that the law applicable to the individual employment contract has not been chosen by the parties, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country in which or, failing that, from which the employee habitually carries out his work in performance of the contract. The country where the work is hab...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593
[ "contracts", "applicable law", "employment" ]
2008-06-17T00:00:00
32008R0593
rome2_4_1
Rome II (Regulation (EC) No 864/2007)
EU
Art. 4(1)
General rule - Torts/Delicts
Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to a non-contractual obligation arising out of a tort/delict shall be the law of the country in which the damage occurs irrespective of the country in which the event giving rise to the damage occurred and irrespective of the country or countries in w...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R0864
[ "torts", "applicable law", "non-contractual" ]
2007-07-11T00:00:00
32007R0864
rome2_4_2_3
Rome II (Regulation (EC) No 864/2007)
EU
Art. 4(2)-(3)
General rule - Torts/Delicts (Exceptions)
2. However, where the person claimed to be liable and the person sustaining damage both have their habitual residence in the same country at the time when the damage occurs, the law of that country shall apply. 3. Where it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that the tort/delict is manifestly more closely c...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R0864
[ "torts", "applicable law", "non-contractual", "exceptions" ]
2007-07-11T00:00:00
32007R0864
brussels1a_7_1
Brussels Ia (Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012)
EU
Art. 7(1)
Special jurisdiction - Contracts
A person domiciled in a Member State may be sued in another Member State: (1) (a) in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question; (b) for the purpose of this provision and unless otherwise agreed, the place of performance of the obligation in question shall b...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215
[ "jurisdiction", "contracts", "special jurisdiction" ]
2012-12-12T00:00:00
32012R1215
brussels1a_7_2
Brussels Ia (Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012)
EU
Art. 7(2)
Special jurisdiction - Torts
A person domiciled in a Member State may be sued in another Member State: (2) in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred or may occur.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215
[ "jurisdiction", "torts", "special jurisdiction" ]
2012-12-12T00:00:00
32012R1215

Cross-Border Legal Core (EU PIL Subset)

A curated subset of EU private international law provisions used as the retrieval corpus for the Cross-Border Legal RAG system.

Educational use only — Not legal advice.


What is in this dataset?

Selected mandatory provisions from three foundational EU regulations governing choice-of-law and jurisdiction in cross-border civil and commercial matters:

Instrument CELEX Provisions Included
Rome I — Reg. (EC) No 593/2008 32008R0593 Arts. 4, 6, 8 (sub-articles split)
Rome II — Reg. (EC) No 864/2007 32007R0864 Art. 4 (sub-articles split)
Brussels Ia — Reg. (EU) No 1215/2012 32012R1215 Art. 7(1), 7(2)

Each record corresponds to one meaningful sub-article chunk, optimised for dense retrieval (~150–250 tokens per chunk).


Fields

Field Type Description
id string Unique chunk identifier (e.g. rome_i_art_6_1)
instrument string Short name of the legal instrument (e.g. Rome I)
jurisdiction string Governing jurisdiction (always EU for this subset)
article string Article reference (e.g. Art. 6(1))
title string Human-readable title of the provision
text string Verbatim statutory text of the provision
url string Permalink to the source EUR-Lex HTML page
topics list[str] Thematic tags (e.g. ["consumer protection", "choice of law"])
date string Date of the regulation (ISO 8601)
celex string Official EUR-Lex CELEX identifier

Source and Reuse

Text is sourced from the official EUR-Lex portal. Official EU legal acts are in the public domain under the EUR-Lex reuse policy. Always cite CELEX IDs and link to the source pages when reproducing this material.

The dataset metadata is licensed under CC BY 4.0.


Intended Use

  • Educational legal research
  • Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) experiments in the legal domain
  • Benchmarking embedding models on EU statutory text

Limitations

  • Partial coverage: Only the specific sub-articles most relevant to cross-border PIL scenarios are included.
  • EU focus: Does not cover national laws, case law, or non-EU jurisdictions.
  • Static snapshot: Regulation amendments enacted after the scrape date are not reflected.
  • Not legal advice: This dataset must not be used as the sole basis for legal decisions.

Citation

If you use this dataset in your work, please cite:

@misc{crossborder_legal_core_2025,
  title        = {Cross-Border Legal Core (EU PIL Subset)},
  author       = {SehaanCuda},
  year         = {2025},
  howpublished = {Hugging Face Datasets},
  url          = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/SehaanCuda/crossborder_legal_core}
}
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