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core areas among Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Int J Primatol 29:931948 Kamenya S Human baby killed by Gombe chimpanzee. Pan Afr News 9:2 Kano T Distribution and adaptation of the chimpanzee on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. Kyoto University African Studies 7:37129 Kano T Social b... |
Anthropol 3:111 Kano T The bonobos peaceable kingdom. Natural History, November, pp 271 Kano T The last ape. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA Kano T A preliminary glossary of bonobo behaviors at Wamba. In: Nishida T Comparative study of the behavior of the genus Pan by compiling video ethogram. Report to the Min... |
environmentally or socially determined? Am J Primatol 9:407419 Koops K, Matsuzawa T Hand clapping by a chimpanzee in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, West Africa. Pan Afr News 13:1921 Koops K, McGrew WC, Matsuzawa T Do chimpanzees use cleavers and anvils to fracture Treculia africana fruits? Preliminary data on a new form ... |
A, Bresser M Experimentation with forest-dwelling chimpanzees in the Congo, 19 3. 8 mm film Kortlandt A, Kooij M Protohominid behaviour in primates. Symp Zool Soc Lond 10: 187 Kummer H, Goodall J Conditions of innovative behavior in primates. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 308:441471 Kuroda S Grouping of the pygmy chimpanzees... |
Suzuki S, Oko RA Sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in the Ndoki Forest, Congo. In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T Great ape societies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 7181 Kutsukake N The context and quality of social relationships affect vigilance behaviour in wild chimpanzees. Ethology 112:581591 Kutsuk... |
bonobos. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 52 0 Lonsdorf EV, Hopkins WD Wild chimpanzees show population-level handedness for tool use. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:12 3412 38 Lycett SJ, Collard M, McGrew WC Phylogenetic analyses of behavior support existence of culture among wild chimpanzees. Proc Natl Acad Sci ... |
CE, Gould KG Successful artificial insemination in the chimpanzee. Symp Zool Soc Lond 43:2492 0 Matsumoto-Oda A Self-suckling behavior by a wild chimpanzee. Folia Primatol 8:342343 Matsumoto-Oda A, Kutsukake N, Hosaka K, Matsusaka T Sniffing behaviors in Mahale chimpanzees. Primates 48:8185 Matsusaka T When does play p... |
Pan Afr News 4:4 Matsuzawa T, Biro D, Humle T, Inoue-Nakamura N, Tonooka R, Yamakoshi G Emergence of culture in wild chimpanzees: education by master-apprenticeship. In: Matsuzawa T Primate origins of human cognition and behavior. Springer, Tokyo, pp 557574 Matsuzawa T, Yamakoshi G Comparison of chimpanzee material cul... |
J Hum Evol 3:501508 McGrew WC Patterns of plant food sharing by wild chimpanzees. In: Kondo S, Kawai M, Ehara A Contemporary primatology. S Karger, Basel, pp 304309 McGrew WC Chimpanzee material culture: implications for human evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge McGrew WC Culture in nonhuman primate? Annu ... |
J Human Evol 10:227244 McGrew WC, Baldwin PJ, Tutin CEG Diet of wild chimpanzees at Mt. Assirik, Senegal. I. Composition. Am J Primatol 1:21322 McGrew WC, Collins DA Tool use by wild chimpanzees to obtain termites in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Am J Primatol 9:47 2 McGrew WC, Marchant LF Chimpanzee wears a knotted ... |
Wrangham RW, Klein H Manual laterality in anvil use: wild chimpanzees cracking Strychnos fruits. Laterality 4:7987 McGrew WC, Pruetz JD, Fulton SJ Chimpanzee use tools to harvest social insects at Fongoli, Senegal. Folia Primatol 7:22222 McGrew WC, Rogers ME Chimpanzees, tools and termites: new records from Gabon. Am J... |
calling by male chimpanzees. Anim Behav 45:73574 Mitani JC, Watts DP Demographic influence on the hunting behavior of chimpanzees. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:439454 Mitani JC, Watts DP Why do chimpanzees hunt and share meat? Anim Behav 1:915924 Mitani JC, Watts DP Correlates of territorial boundary patrol behaviour in wil... |
Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo. In: Hohmann G, Robbins MM, Boesch C Feeding ecology in apes and other primates. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 97122 Mori A An ethological study on chimpanzees at the artificial feeding place in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzaniawith special reference to the booming situatio... |
among Kanyawara chimpanzees. In: Boesch C, Hohmann G, Marchant LF Behavioural diversity in chimpanzees and bonobos. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 112124 Muller MN, Mpongo E, Stanford CB, Boehm C A note on scavenging by wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatol 5:4347 Nakamura M First observed case of chimpanzee pred... |
wild chimpanzees? Primates 41:237248 Nakamura M, Nishida T Subtle behavior variation in wild chimpanzees, with special reference to Imanishis concept of kaluchua. Primates 47:3542 Nakamura M, Nishida T Developmental process of grooming-hand-clasp by chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primate Eye 9:247 Nakam... |
The children of the mountain spirits. Chikuma-shobo, Tokyo Nishida T The bark-eating habits in Primates, with special reference to their status in the diet of wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatol 25:277287 Nishida T The social structure of chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. In: Hamburg DA, McCown ER The great apes. Benja... |
Struhsaker TT Primate societies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 4 2474 Nishida T Social interactions between resident and immigrant female chimpanzees. In: Heltne PG, Marquardt L Understanding chimpanzees. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 889 Nishida T The chimpanzee of the Mahale Mountains. Univer... |
Afr News 3:4 Nishida T Sexual behavior of adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates 38:379398 Nishida T Deceptive tactic by an adult male to snatch a dead infant from a mother. Pan Afr News 5:1315 Nishida T A self-medicating attempt to remove the sand flea from a toe by a young ch... |
Mitani JC, Nakamura M, Norikoshi K, Sakamaki T, Turner L, Uehara S, Zamma K Demography, life history and reproductive profiles among the chimpanzees of Mahale. Am J Primatol 59:99121 Nishida T, Fujita S, Inaba A, Kooriyama T Note on a subcutaneous tumor among wild chimpanzees. Pan Afr News 14:3132 Nishida T, Fujita S, ... |
wild chimpanzees in feeding upon wood-boring ants. J Hum Evol 11:7399 Nishida T, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M Responses to a stranger mother-son pair in the wild chimpanzee: a case report. Primates 2:113 Nishida T, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M Chimpanzees and bonobos: cooperative relationships among males. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfart... |
attack on a young adult male chimpanzee: ostracism of an ill-mannered member? Primates 3:207211 Nishida T, Inaba A Pirouettes: the rotational play of wild chimpanzees. Primates 50:333341 Nishida T, Kano T, Goodall J, McGrew WC, Nakamura M Ethogram and ethnography of Mahale chimpanzees. Anthropol Sci 107:141188 Nishida ... |
and reproductive profiles. In Nishida T The chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp 397 Nishida T, Turner LA Food transfer between mother and infant chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Int J Primatol 17:9479 8 Nishida T, Uehara S Chimpanzees, tools, and termite... |
Pan Afr News 11:1012 OHara SJ, Lee PC High frequency of postcoital penis cleaning in Budongo chimpanzees. Folia Primatol 77:353358 Ohashi G Behavioral repertoire of tool use in the wild chimpanzees at Bossou. In: Matsuzawa T, Tomonaga M, Tanaka M Cognitive development in chimpanzees. Springer, Tokyo, pp 439451 Ohashi G... |
apes. University of California Press, Berkeley Pika S Gestures in subadult bonobos. In: Call J, Tomasello M The gestural communication of apes and monkeys. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London, pp 41 7 Pika S, Liebal K, Tomasello M Gestural communication in subadult bonobos: repertoire and use. Am J Primatol 5:39 1 Ploo... |
apes and other primates. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 1 1182 Pruetz JD, Bertolani P Savanna chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, hunt with tools. Curr Biol 17:412417 Pusey A Behavioural changes at adolescence in chimpanzees. Behaviour 115:20324 Pusey A, Murray C, Wallauer W, Wilson M, Wroblewski E, Goodall J... |
Sakamaki T First record of algae-feeding by a female chimpanzee at Mahale. Pan Afr News 5:13 Sakamaki T Coprophagy in wild bonobos at Wamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a possibly adaptive strategy? Primates 51:8790 Sanz C, Call J, Morgan D Design complexity in termite-fishing tools of chimpanzees. Biology lett... |
Gashaka. J Zool 271:125133 Schoening C, Humle T, Moebius Y, McGrew WC The nature of culture: technological variation in chimpanzee predation on driver ants revisited. J Hum Evol 55:4859 Sherrow HM Tool use in insect foraging by the chimpanzees of Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Am J Primatol 5:377383 Shimada M Soc... |
CB, Gambaneza C, Nkurungi JB, Goldsmith ML Chimpanzees in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, use different tools to obtain different types of honey. Primates 41:337341 Stanford CB, Nkurungi JB Behavioral ecology of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: diet. Int J Prim... |
brush-stick of chimpanzees found in south-west Cameroon and their cultural characteristics. Primates 2:3 1374 Sugiyama Y Tool-use for catching ants by chimpanzees at Bossou and Monts Nimba, West Africa. Primates 3:183205 Sugiyama Y Drinking tools of wild chimpanzees at Bossou. Am J Primatol 37:2 32 9 Sugiyama Y Social ... |
34:151159 Sugiyama Y, Koman J A preliminary list of chimpanzees alimentation at Bossou, Guinea. Primates 28:133147 Surbeck M, Hohmann G Primate hunting by bonobos of Lui Kotale, Salonga National Park. Curr Biol 18:R90 R907 Susman RL The pygmy chimpanzee: evolutionary biology and behavior. Plenum, New York Susman RL, Ba... |
infanticide and cannibalism in Mahale National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatol 44:1 1170 Takahata Y, Hasegawa T, Nishida T Chimpanzee predation in the Mahale Mountains from August 1979 to May 1982. Int J Primatol 5:213233 Takahata H, Takahata Y Inter-unit group transfer of an immature male of the common chimpanzee and h... |
small carnivores in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Primates 14:407411 Thompson JAM Bonobos of the Lukuru Wildlife Research Project. In: Boesch C, Hohmann G, Marchant LF Behavioural diversity in chimpanzees and bonobos. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 170 Tonooka R Leaf-folding behavior for drinking water by w... |
Karger, Basel, pp 445449 Tutin CEG Mating patterns and reproductive strategies in a community of wild chimpanzees. Behav Ecol Sociobiol:2938 Tutin CEG Responses of chimpanzees to copulation, with special reference to interference by immature individuals. Anim Behav 27:845854 Tutin CEG, Fernandez M, Rogers ME, Williamso... |
rain forest by the bonobos of Yalosidi, Republic of Zaire. Primates 31:311322 Uehara S Predation on mammals by the chimpanzee. Primates 38:193214 Vigilant L, Hofreiter M, Siedel H, Boesch C Paternity and relatedness in wild chimpanzee communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:1289012895 de Waal FBM Chimpanzee politics: po... |
among the apes. Revised edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland de Waal FBM Tree of origin. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA de Waal FBM The age of empathy. Random House, New York de Waal FBM, Lanting F Bonobo. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA de Waal FBM, Seres M Propagation of ... |
early hominin behavioral ecology. J Hum Evol 54:125133 Watts DP Tool use by chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Int J Primatol 29:8394 Watts DP, Mitani JC Infanticide and cannibalism by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Primates 41:3573 5 Watts DP, Mitani JC Boundary patrols and i... |
KD Grooming hand-clasp by chimpanzees of the Mugiri community, Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda. Pan Afr News 1:57 Whiten A Parental encouragement in Gorilla in comparative perspective: implications for social cognition and the evolution of teaching. In: Parker ST, Mitchell RW, Miles L The mentalities of gorillas ... |
3:3473 0 Wilson ML, Wallauer WR, Pusey AE New cases of intergroup violence among chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Int J Primatol 25:523549 Wilson ML, Wrangham RW Intergroup relationships in chimpanzees. Ann Rev Anthropol 32:3 3392 Wittig RM, Boesch C The choice of post-conflict interactions in wild chimpan... |
implications for understanding the costs of great ape groups. In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T Great ape societies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 4557 Wrangham RW, Nishida T Aspilia spp. leaves. A puzzle in the feeding behavior of wild chimpanzees. Primates 24:27 282 Wrangham RW, Peterson D Demonic mal... |
Bossou, Guinea: a newly observed tool-using behavior. Primates 3:489500 Zamma K Leaf-grooming by a wild chimpanzee in Mahale. Primates 43:8790 Zamma K A chimpanzee trifling with a squirrel: pleasure derived from teasing? Pan Afr News 9:911 Zamma K Rejecting a bit of meat to get more. Pan Afr News 12:810 Zamma K A louse... |
palm beg bend and stretch knee bend branch bend shrub bend shrub in courtship Copyright owner Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Ko... |
chase check penile erection chew circle orthograde circle orthograde off ground circle quadrupedal clack teeth climb climb cliff climb vertical climb vertical, extended elbow cling clip leaf by hand clip leaf by mouth clip leaf for fishing probe close eyes club club ground club other coalition collect dry leaves compre... |
Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Appendix confiscate console contact with nipple copulate copulate dorso-ventral cough cough bark cover nipple cover self creep cross cross arms cross arms on he... |
Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Za... |
face eat eat algae eat algae eat beetle larva eat blossom eat Camponotus ant eat Crematogaster ant eat Dorylus ant eat egg eat eye mucus eat fruit, inner skin eat fruit, pulp eat gall eat leaf eat meat eat nasal mucus eat Oecophylla ant Appendix Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida To... |
Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Appendix eat petiole eat pith eat resin eat root eat seed eat semen eat termite eat termite eat termite soil eat with foot eat xylem ejaculate embrace full embrace half enter hole erect penis expel extend extend arm as ladder ext... |
Crickette Sanz and David Morgan Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida By courtesy of Michio Nakamura Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Z... |
grin grin-full-closed grin-full-open grin-low-closed grin-low-open groom groom-branch-clasp groom briefly groom by hand groom carcass groom, dyadic groom-hand-clasp groom-hand-clasp unilaterally groom leaf groom mutually groom object or substrate groom, polyadic groom reciprocally groom self groom unilaterally Appendix... |
groom wound grope grunt, aha grunt, extended grunt, food hammer nut with stone handicap self hang hang and spin hang and stamp hang in sloth position hang-stand hang tripedal hang upside-down by feet hang upside-down by hands hang with legs pitterpat hang-wrestle harass headstand herd hesitate hiccup hit hit and run hi... |
Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nish... |
time kiss kiss with open mouth kiss with pout face kiss with tongue knock with both arms knock with one arm lead leaf-midrib spoon leaf-sponge leaf-spoon lean leap between trees leap between trees with object leap bipedal with squared shoulders Appendix Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishi... |
Nishida Appendix leap down leap on leap quadrupedal leap up leap up in surprise leave leave and climb leave to protest lick lick lips lick rock lick wood lick wound lie lie and hug lie and watch lie lateral lie on other lie prone lie-sit lie supine lie supine and shake arms and legs lie supine with legs apart lie with ... |
Zamma Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Tosh... |
arm offer back open eyes open thighs pant pant-bark pant-grunt pant-grunt with bent elbow pant-hoot parry pass pass under pass with body contact pat peel with hand peel with teeth peep peer peer together perforate pick nose pick out pulp pick up Appendix Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nish... |
Morgan Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Appendix pick up and release pick up discarded food pile dry leaves pinch clitoris pirouette play play bite play face play face, full play face, half play in bed play-pant play, parallel play, rough and tumble play socially play socially with object play solo p... |
Zamma Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishi... |
leaf-pile push object into push peri-anogenital region with finger push/pull swing push to shoulder put dorsal put dorsal from ventral put face to put heel on back put mouth into water put rump to rump put ventral put ventral from dorsal raise raise and hold leg raise arm bipedal raise arm quickly raise arm slowly rais... |
Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nis... |
supine ride ventral ride ventral with limb extended 241 Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koich... |
hand rub muzzle rub object to body rummage run run bipedal run quadrupedal scatter dry leaves scoop algae scoop infant scramble for food scrape scratch scratch dry leaves scratch self scratch self signalling scratch socially scratch socially, poke type scratch socially, stroke type scream search for conspecific search ... |
By courtesy of Gaku Ohashi Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishi... |
lip snatch sneer sneeze sniff sniff finger sniff fruit sniff mouth sniff with tool snub solicit companion solicit copulation solicit grooming solicit grooming turn 243 Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada N... |
contact solicit riding solicit support somersault somersault, backward somersault, backward with dry leaves somersault, forward somersault, side spit juice spit seed spit water splash water spring sputter squash leaf squat squeal in copulation squeeze staccato call stamp stamp bipedal stamp in invitation stamp other st... |
Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Ta... |
throw dry leaves throw sand throw splash throw stone or rock throw temper tantrum thrust 245 Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida ... |
trample transfer transport transport bipedal transport corpse of infant transport food transport in foot transport in groin pocket transport in hand transport in mouth transport in neck pocket transport on back transport on head or nape transport on shoulder transport two offspring transport with hand support travel tr... |
Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma By courtesy of Gaku Ohashi Appendix use tool... |
Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma Takahisa Matsusaka Koichiro Zamma Koichiro Zamma Tosh... |
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