Language Models as Science Tutors
Paper • 2402.11111 • Published
chapter stringlengths 1.97k 1.53M | path stringlengths 47 241 |
|---|---|
Introduction
Most agronomic and horticultural crop species are angiosperms. Angiosperms are vascular plants that produce their seeds enclosed in a matured ovary, a fruit; the fruit arises from a flower. In contrast, some tree crops—such as pine or spruce—are gymnosperms, which are vascular plants possessing “naked see... | textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.01%3A_Reproduction_in_Crop_Plants.txt |
Sexual Reproduction
Kinds of Flowers
Inflorescence type influences the techniques that are used to control pollination in developing cultivars and in maintaining the genetic purity of cultivars. Inflorescence types can also be used to identify plants.
Flowers are classified into a couple of categories. Flowers are e... | textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.02%3A_Flower_Morphology_and_Distribution.txt |
Introduction
Most crop species require seed production for their propagation. Some species, however, possess mechanisms that regulate fertility. Such mechanisms can reduce or prevent seed set, and affect self- or cross-pollination. These fertility-regulating mechanisms may be an obstacle or a benefit to the plant bree... | textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.03%3A_Controlled_Hybridization-_Self-incompatibility_Male-sterility_and_Sex-inheritance.txt |
Introduction
Plant breeders take advantage of the variation that occurs within a population to develop improved cultivars. Ordinarily, the goal of the plant breeder is to combine the favorable characteristics of one plant or cultivar with the desirable traits of another plant or cultivar to obtain a new combination th... | textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.04%3A_Gene_Segregation_and_Genetic_Recombination.txt |
Introduction
Genes located on the same chromosome are genetically linked. Genetic linkage analysis can be used to determine the order of genes on chromosomes. Closely linked genes are not segregating independently, like genes located on different chromosomes. This has different implications, e.g., in relation to trait... | textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.05%3A_Linkage.txt |
"Introduction\n\nPopulation genetics is a sub-discipline of genetics that characterizes the structur(...TRUNCATED) | "textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.06%3A_Population_Genet(...TRUNCATED) |
"Introduction\n\nThis module focuses on inbreeding, a type of mating of individuals that is often of(...TRUNCATED) | "textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.07%3A_Inbreeding_and_H(...TRUNCATED) |
"Introduction\n\nMany of the traits that plant breeders strive to improve are quantitatively inherit(...TRUNCATED) | "textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.08%3A_Inheritance_of_Q(...TRUNCATED) |
"Introduction\n\nMutations are the ultimate source of all genetic variation. Mutations can occur at (...TRUNCATED) | "textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.09%3A_Mutations_and_Va(...TRUNCATED) |
"Introduction\n\nNot all plant species are diploids. In fact, 75% of all angiosperms are polyploids,(...TRUNCATED) | "textbooks/bio/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/1.10%3A_Ploidy-_Polyploi(...TRUNCATED) |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
YAML Metadata Warning:empty or missing yaml metadata in repo card
Check out the documentation for more information.
Textbooks scraped from libretext.org from the paper Language Models as Science Tutors
If you use this dataset please cite:
@inproceedings{
chevalier2024language,
title={Language Models as Science Tutors},
author={Alexis Chevalier and Jiayi Geng and Alexander Wettig and Howard Chen and Sebastian Mizera and Toni Annala and Max Aragon and Arturo Rodriguez Fanlo and Simon Frieder and Simon Machado and Akshara Prabhakar and Ellie Thieu and Jiachen T. Wang and Zirui Wang and Xindi Wu and Mengzhou Xia and Wenhan Xia and Jiatong Yu and Junjie Zhu and Zhiyong Ren and Sanjeev Arora and Danqi Chen},
booktitle={Forty-first International Conference on Machine Learning},
year={2024},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=WFyolnFZOR}
}
- Downloads last month
- 38