Split (3)

train · 3.46k rows

id stringlengths 10 10	question stringlengths 18 294	comment stringlengths 28 6.89k	passages list	presuppositions list	corrections list	labels list	raw_presuppositions list	raw_labels list	raw_corrections list
2018-08439	Why are all water droplets roughly the same size?	In a rain storm the winds are capable of supporting a droplet of a given size, beyond which they will fall to the ground. That applies to all the droplets; if they are smaller they keep flying around in the storm and once they get too large they fall down. That means we on the ground don't see the small ones and there ...	[ "The Bergeron process, if occurring at all, is much more efficient in producing large particles than is the growth of larger droplets at the expense of smaller ones, since the difference in saturation pressure between liquid water and ice is larger than the enhancement of saturation pressure over small droplets (fo...	[ "All water droplets are roughly the same size." ]	[ "Water droplets are not all roughly the same size, we just don't see the smaller ones." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "All water droplets are roughly the same size.", "All water droplets are roughly the same size." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Water droplets are not all roughly the same size, we just don't see the smaller ones.", "In a rain storm, smaller waterdroplets keep flying around due to their size and are not visible near the ground; larger water droplets fall down, and become visible to us." ]
2018-02499	Why are invasive species seemingly so much more successful than the local species that have adapted to thrive in that environment?	We really only hear the success stories. Hikers have dropped plenty of apple seeds in the desert, but it’s too dry for them to grow.	[ "Not all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable to the diurnal mo...	[ "All invasive species are successful." ]	[ "We only hear about the successful invasive species. That makes it seem like it is very common. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "All invasive species are successful." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "We only hear about the successful invasive species. That makes it seem like it is very common. " ]
2018-00016	Why when you pour water into a pot with hot oil it reacts like that?	Oil floats on water, so the water gets under the oil, quickly boils, and the escaping steam blasts little droplets of oil all over the place.	[ "The process of heating a pan to cause the oil to oxidize is analogous to the hardening of drying oil used in oil paints, or to varnish a painting. But whereas the curing of oils is the result of autoxidation at room temperature for a painting, for a pan, the thermoxidized oil undergoes a conversion into the hard s...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04576	What happens to the muscles in your arm when you have elbow tendonitis (tennis elbow)?	The repetitive motion causes the tendon to inflame. This inflammation causes pain. By stopping the motion or supporting the tendon it gives it time to heal. some Anti-inflammatory Medications can help as well.	[ "Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis is a chronic or an acute inflammation of the tendons that arise from the outer part of the elbow. The affected tendons are the tendons of extensor muscles which originate from the lateral epicondyle of humerus. It is caused by the repetitive movements and overuse. It damages t...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-04583	Why do movies tend to have a big delay between a cinema run ending and the DVD release?	In many cases, studios believe that if the DVD release is very soon after the cinema run, that customers will be more likely to pass on seeing the film in theatres since they know the DVD will be coming soon instead. But if there's a long wait for the DVD to come out, customers will be more willing to pay to see it in ...	[ "The 2008 Swedish film Let the Right One In () was released on DVD in the United States with subtitles different from those seen in movie theaters. This led to a number of complaints and the theatrical subtitles were restored to later issues of the DVD.\n\nTimur Bekmambetov's 2004 film \"Night Watch\" was shown in ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-14377	Why do scientists think the Universe is flat, if we can travel in any direction?	The flatness of the universe is often a way to describe the topography of the universe in 4 dimensions. There is no real way for us to visualize an infinitely big 3 dimensional object curving, so instead we describe it as a 2d object and reserve the 3rd dimension to describe the 4d curvature. As for what this curvature...	[ "Flatness problem\n\nThe flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Such problems arise from the observation that some of the initial conditions of the universe appear to be fine-tuned to very 'special' values, and that small...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "Scientists think the Universe is actually flat." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Scientists use flatness of the universe to describe the topography of the universe in 4 dimensions. " ]
2018-05081	What's to stop Mod/Game creators from working on and releasing their projects anonymously when a company sends a cease and desist if it was to be released free anyway.	It's hard to maintain your anonymity when a company has already identified you and had their lawyers write to you personally.	[ "The developer declared itself bankrupt in an application to a court in Katowice on June 8, 2015 as a result of legal dispute with Epic Games, the creators of Unreal Engine 3. Epic Games had filed a lawsuit in October 2012 over overdue royalties for using their game engine. A month later, the developers were ordere...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-04022	why does alcohol affect people differently?	Body size is number 1 factor. What you ate before you started drinking affects it as well.	[ "Section::::Genetic moderators.\n\nMost genetic studies in addiction research focus on the genetic determinants of diagnostic phenotypes such as alcohol use disorder. However, because the causes of alcohol use disorder are so numerous and varied, researchers have turned their attention to endophenotypes, or distinc...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-21986	How can chickens "survive" for several minutes with the head cut off.	It's because the farmer removing the head cuts too high, meaning there's still some brain stem and cerebellum left, which allows the chicken to continue living for (usually) a short period of time. A properly decapitated chicken dies almost instantly. If you pictured it on a person, rather than cutting straight horizon...	[ "Some animals (such as cockroaches) can survive decapitation, and die not because of the loss of the head directly, but rather because of starvation. A number of other animals, including chickens, snakes, and turtles, have also been known to survive for some time after being decapitated, as they have a slower metab...	[ "All chickens \"survive\" for several minutes with the head cut off." ]	[ "A properly decapitated chicken dies almost instantly." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "All chickens \"survive\" for several minutes with the head cut off." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "A properly decapitated chicken dies almost instantly." ]
2018-23691	in a world of account lockout thresholds, do brute force attacks still work?	So you're assuming your account lockout is on the account rather than an IP block. Most brute force systems will block the IP address trying to attack (because locking the account means the genuine user can no longer gain access). A few points: 1) if account lockout is enabled, you could easily perform a "Denial of Ser...	[ "In case of an offline attack where the attacker has access to the encrypted material, one can try key combinations without the risk of discovery or interference. However database and directory administrators can take countermeasures against online attacks, for example by limiting the number of attempts that a pass...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-16133	Why do humans suddenly lose strength when they laugh?	Presumably, it’s because you are using oxygen without taking any in. The body doesn’t like this.	[ "There have been claims that laughter can be a supplement for cardiovascular exercise and might increase muscle tone. However an early study by Paskind J. showed that laughter can lead to a decrease in skeletal muscle tone because the short intense muscle contractions caused by laughter are followed by longer perio...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-01475	What's the difference between 4WD and AWD?	All 4WD vehicles are "temporary" in that the 4WD modes must be engaged and disengaged manually. Moreover, they should not be used all the time, only when necessary. A 4WD vehicle is otherwise identical to a 2WD vehicle save for the addition of an auxiliary gearbox and differential on the secondary drive axle. The auxil...	[ "Section::::History.:World War II — a leap in AWD proliferation.\n", "Selectable 4WD has both axles rigidly coupled together, which has some advantages in very poor off-road conditions. To gain the same advantage in a permanent AWD system with a differential, the differential can be locked manually with a differe...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-03923	Why firearms' ammo are classified in metric, not imperial?	They can be in both. NATO uses metric so they have a standard set of calibers they use that are all listed in metric. When you see a caliber listed with a decimal at the front (.45, .357, .308) that measurement is the diameter of the bullet in decimal inches. When you see larger numbers (7.62, 5.56, etc.) those are mea...	[ "Imperial units also retain common use in firearms and ammunition. Imperial measures are still used in the description of cartridge types, even when the cartridge is of relatively recent invention (e.g., .204 Ruger, .17 HMR, where the calibre is expressed in decimal fractions of an inch). However, ammunition that i...	[ "Firearm ammo classified in metric." ]	[ "Firearm ammo is classified in both metric and imperial. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Firearm ammo classified in metric." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Firearm ammo is classified in both metric and imperial. " ]
2018-20082	How does washing your hands with plain old liquid or bar soap and water remove more germs than just water alone does?	Soap is made of “amphiphilic” molecules. These molecules are special in that they can bind to both water and oil at the same time, meaning they can also dissolve water/oil at the same time. Some bacteria bind to surfaces using hydrophobic bonds (oil-type), some bind using hydrophilic bonds (water-type), and soap lets y...	[ "Skin flora do not readily pass between people: 30 seconds of moderate friction and dry hand contact results in a transfer of only 0.07% of natural hand flora from naked with a greater percentage from gloves.\n\nSection::::Hygiene.:Removal.\n\nThe most effective (60 to 80% reduction) antimicrobial washing is with e...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-12529	When you put a screen protector on your phone or tint on a window, the instructions say that the leftover air bubbles will disappear after a few days. How?	Not sure about screen protectors, but window tint is pouros, somewhat like a sponge, so the air is able to seep through the tint.	[ "In Canada, since the beginning of 1990, there are some companies offering servicing of failed IG units. They provide open ventilation to the atmosphere by drilling hole(s) in the glass and/or spacer. This solution often reverses the visible condensation, but cannot clean the interior surface of the glass and stain...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04907	Why does it feel hotter when the sun is beating on me, but the temperature on the thermometer remains the same?	So the sun is warming the surface of the Earth, which in turn warms the air near to it. So if you were standing in the shade, you would feel this temperature, as the air in turn warms you. But if you are out in the sunshine, then not only is that process occurring, but the sun is also warming you the same as it warms t...	[ "The thermometer shows a reading at the top of the mercury section on both the maximum and minimum scales; this shows the current temperature and should be the same on both scales. If the two readings are not the same, then the instrument scales are not correctly positioned or the instrument is damaged.\n", "As t...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03214	Why are Asian languages so much different than European and American languages both in pronunciation and in writing styles? Eg. Chinese, Korean, Thai vs English, Spanish, etc.	Hindi is related to English while Finnish and Basque are not. Korean, Japanese and Chinese are unrelated. Swedish and Norwegian are tonal languages like Chinese and Thai (and Cherokee since you ask about American languages) while English and Japanese are atonal. Your question is based on an incorrect premise. There are...	[ "Section::::Influence of Literary Chinese.\n\nFor most of the pre-modern period, Chinese culture dominated East Asia. Scholars in Vietnam, Korea and Japan wrote in Literary Chinese and were thoroughly familiar with the Chinese classics. Their languages absorbed large numbers of Chinese words, known collectively as ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "Asian languages should be similar to one another." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Many languages spoken primarily in Asia are unrelated to each other." ]
2018-03860	How does the immune systems adapt to venom?	Consider that some illnesses are the result of bacterial or viral infection, and that these things contain proteins that the immune system recognizes. Similarly, venom is just protein that is foreign to the body and therefore the immune system reacts by forming antibodies. Antibodies are used to bind to the foreign sub...	[ "When exposed to these infected or dysfunctional somatic cells, effector CTL release perforin and granulysin: cytotoxins that form pores in the target cell's plasma membrane, allowing ions and water to flow into the infected cell, and causing it to burst or lyse. CTL release granzyme, a serine protease encapsulated...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-19984	Why are full-time sit down jobs exhausting?	Things can still be mentally exhausting. When you're taking calls all day and dealing with different problems it can be very exhausting. When I used to work customer service and get yelled at and not be able to help people it was very exhausting.	[ "Over the last hundred years, there has been a large shift from manual labor jobs (e.g. farming, manufacturing, building) to office jobs which is due to many contributing factors including globalization, outsourcing of jobs and technological advances (specifically internet and computers). In 1960, there was a decli...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00685	Why notebook paper has blue text lines and red margin lines	Blue lines are not reproducible. You can not copy them on a xerox machine. Two reasons for this. The first reason is that the sellers do not want you to make lots of copies of lined paper, they want to sell you more paper, but consider the other thing of having your well done handwriting reproduced without the lines sh...	[ "Coloring enthusiasts use coloring notebooks for stress relief. The pages in coloring notebooks contain different adult coloring pages. Students take notes in notebooks, and studies suggest that the act of writing (as opposed to typing) improves learning.\n\nNotebook pages can be recycled via standard paper recycli...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02671	Why do some many animals immediately know how to walk after birth, yet it takes human babies months just to learn how to crawl?	Humans have large heads to control our large brains. Unfortunately, human female pelvis's are basically too small to pass fully developed large heads. So basically all humans are born premature (by animal standards) in order to let our mothers fit our massive heads through their pelvis. Then we continue to develop afte...	[ "Development at birth varies considerably among animals, and even among mammals. Altricial species are relatively helpless at birth and require considerable parental care and protection. In contrast, precocial animals are born with open eyes, have hair or down, have large brains, and are immediately mobile and some...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04324	Why cant oxygen have a solid form?	Oxygen does have a solid form. However, the temp to reach it is 54.36 K or -218.79 C or -361.82 F.	[ "BULLET::::- Researchers think that this structure may greatly influence the structural investigation of elements.\n\nBULLET::::- It is the phase that forms above 600 K at pressures greater than 17 GPa.\n\nBULLET::::- At 11 GPa, the intra-cluster bond length of the cluster is 0.234 nm, and the inter-cluster distanc...	[ "Oxygen does not have a solid form", "Oxygen does not have a solid form. " ]	[ "Oxygen does have a solid form at -218.79 C.", "Oxygen does have a solid form. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Oxygen does not have a solid form", "Oxygen does not have a solid form. " ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Oxygen does have a solid form at -218.79 C.", "Oxygen does have a solid form. " ]
2018-02716	How can the entire world be in debt?	All nations carry debt. But they aren't just borrowing from each other. They borrow from banks and from people. For example, a big chunk of the US national debt is in government bonds to private citizens. They do pay them, or at least they usually pay them, but they carry debt for the same reason people do; they value ...	[ "Governments create debt by issuing government bonds and bills. Less creditworthy countries sometimes borrow directly from a supranational organization (e.g. the World Bank) or international financial institutions.\n", "Section::::Modern practice.:South Asia.:Rice harvesting.\n", "In 2018, the global government...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-06504	How does thr period work in other animals? Do they get a period? Do they bleed?	Okay, so...complicated yes and yes. Each species is different, and if you go out of the realm of mammalia(even inside it), indeed some "don't" bleed. Many female animals that "bleed" monthly, like dogs(cats, on the other hand, should not be leaving visible discharge, unless it's clear fluids while in heat/season) are a...	[ "Females of other species of placental mammal undergo estrous cycles, in which the endometrium is completely reabsorbed by the animal (covert menstruation) at the end of its reproductive cycle. Many zoologists regard this as different from a \"true\" menstrual cycle. Female domestic animals used for breeding —for e...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03260	Why do companies use trans-fats? (to give cookies "desired consistency" and not just saturated fat?)?	When Oreo cookies were buttered the butter would grease the bag. Customers don't like greasy bags. Switching to trans fats gave the same taste color texture but didn't grease the bag and increased shelf life. Customers demand clean bags and long shelf life. They don't demand clean arteries so they don't get it.	[ "In 2007, following reformulation of the recipes for a number of varieties, Girl Scouts of the USA announced that all their cookies had less than 0.5 grams of trans fat per serving, allowing them to meet the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements for \"zero trans fat\" labeling.\n\nHigh-fructose corn syrup...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00253	In an exponential equation, why is there no asymptote, since the graph "levels off" vertically?	It might "seem" that way to you but that's not how exponents work. There is no limit. Draw any arbitrary vertical line anywhere and the function will cross it. If there were an asymptote that would mean that beyond some value, the function would either be undefined or negative. Logically that's absurd.	[ "has a limit of +∞ as , \"ƒ\"(\"x\") has the vertical asymptote , even though \"ƒ\"(0) = 5. The graph of this function does intersect the vertical asymptote once, at (0,5). It is impossible for the graph of a function to intersect a vertical asymptote (or a vertical line in general) in more than one point. Moreover...	[ "In exponential equations there is no asymptote since the graph is leveled off vertically. " ]	[ "There actually are no limits within vertical lines in exponential equations. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "In exponential equations there is no asymptote since the graph is leveled off vertically. ", "In exponential equations there is no asymptote since the graph is leveled off vertically. " ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "There actually are no limits within vertical lines in exponential equations. ", "There actually are no limits within vertical lines in exponential equations. " ]
2018-01409	When and how did we determine time to the exact second, and how did we decide what was midnight?	It wasn't a sudden thing. Time has evolved slowly over millennia, and we simply got better at measuring it. Midday was always the time when the sun was highest in the day. Using a sundial we could track the progress of the sun through the hours of daylight, and it was a simple thing to mark off 12 equal divisions. Sinc...	[ "Before the adoption of four standard time zones for the continental United States, many towns and cities set their clocks to noon when the sun passed their local meridian, pre-corrected for the equation of time on the date of observation, to form local mean solar time. Noon occurred at different times but time dif...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-14246	Why does the stomach expand when the lungs are in the chest?	When you breath, the diaphragm moves up and down as well. The "stomach" expanding is, more than likely, just the diaphragm.	[ "During heavy breathing (hyperpnea), as, for instance, during exercise, inhalation is brought about by a more powerful and greater excursion of the contracting diaphragm than at rest (Fig. 8). In addition the \"accessory muscles of inhalation\" exaggerate the actions of the intercostal muscles (Fig. 8). These acces...	[ "The stomach expands when you breath in.", "The stomach shouldn't expand if the lungs are the one in the chest." ]	[ " It is more than likely the diaphragm expanding.", "The diaphragm moves up and down, therefore it is what truly expands and not the stomach. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "The stomach expands when you breath in.", "The stomach shouldn't expand if the lungs are the one in the chest." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ " It is more than likely the diaphragm expanding.", "The diaphragm moves up and down, therefore it is what truly expands and not the stomach. " ]
2018-00799	Why is it hard to read books, but easy to surf the web for hours?	A constant term that pops around about why the internet is so entertaining is “instant feedback” or “instant gratification”, something among those lines. Essentially, browsing the internet and going on Facebook or Twitter gives immediate feedback and reward to small actions like simply clicking on an article or loading...	[ "The advent and acceptance of the ebook has allowed writers to become quite prolific with \"bound collections\" offered as downloads in formats such as pdf, Smashwords, and Mobipocket.\n\nOn-demand merchandising sites like CafePress and Zazzle are also sources of income from sales of T-shirts, mugs, calendars, mous...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-10276	how Japan’s Emperor wasn’t able to centralize and assert his authority til the Meiji Restoration?	The guys with swords (Tokugawa shogunate) were ruling over the guys without swords. There was still an "emperor" during the edo period, but he really couldn't do anything or care because he was treated so well. You should watch [History Of Japan]( URL_0 ). Hilarious and almost 100% accurate.	[ "However, in practice the \"ritsuryō\" system of government had become largely an empty formality as early as in the middle of the Heian period in the 10th and 11th centuries, a development which was completed by the establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate in 1185. The high positions in the \"ritsuryō\" system rema...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-22431	How does "aged" food not go bad?	I'm not sure about cheese, but for beef the bacteria all live on the surface and aren't able to penetrate deeper into the meat. Once the aging process is finished they just shave off the outer layer with the bacteria on it and the rest is still good.	[ "Besides fermentation, microbial food cultures can act on food products to alter their chemical make-up and provide additional flavors. This is especially true in processes such as the making of blue cheese or aged beef.\n\nSection::::Extraction.\n\nIn the case of beverages, such as the aging of wine, beer, or whis...	[ "Aged food does not go bad." ]	[ "In the case of aged beef, the outer layer has bacteria on it, which is shaved off, and the rest is still good." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Aged food does not go bad.", "\"Aged\" food does not go bad." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "In the case of aged beef, the outer layer has bacteria on it, which is shaved off, and the rest is still good.", "In the case of aged beef, the outer layer has bacteria on it, which is shaved off, and the rest is still good." ]
2018-03612	why is the C drive named the C drive?	The original IBM PC didn't have a hard drive. It had two floppy disk drives, which were A: and B: .When the hard drive came along, it became C: as the next available letter.	[ "Windows uses a \"drive letter\" abstraction at the user level to distinguish one disk or partition from another. For example, the path C:\\WINDOWS represents a directory WINDOWS on the partition represented by the letter C. Drive C: is most commonly used for the primary hard disk drive partition, on which Windows ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-20011	Why is the task manager so much “better” at closing applications when compared to the task bar? (or the close button)	The task bar sends a polite request to the application to close itself. This works nicely most of the time, and is what you want. For instance it gives the application the possibility of asking if you want to save the current document, or to ask if you really want to quit. The task manager can send an unconditional kil...	[ "Task Manager was introduced in its current form with Windows NT 4.0. Prior versions Windows NT, as well as Windows 3.x, includes the Task List application, is capable of listing currently-running processes and killing them, or creating a new process. Windows 9x has a program known as \"Close Program\" which lists ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-19610	The term 'overclocked'. If something can be over clocked, why isn't that just the new maximum speed?	There are always inpurities and small scale defects in silicon wafer chips. Usually these don't cause problems at slow speeds. But as you increase clock speed (the frequency / rate at which bits flow around your chip) the impact of these impurities increases. So what they do is they make each chip then they'll run it t...	[ "Section::::Overview.:Enthusiast culture.\n", "At this point an increase in operating voltage of a part may allow more headroom for further increases in clock speed, but the increased voltage can also significantly increase heat output. At some point there will be a limit imposed by the ability to supply the devi...	[ "overclock is not new max speed." ]	[ "The speed at which the chip consistently passess is the new base speed." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "overclock is not new max speed.", "overclock is not new max speed." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "The speed at which the chip consistently passess is the new base speed.", "The speed at which the chip consistently passess is the new base speed." ]
2018-12472	How come my appartment key can open the main door inte the building+my appartment but not another appartment?	You might want to see if you can hold your key up against another tenant's key. A lock will have multiple pins and each one must be pushed upwards, but each one must be pushed up a different distance. So your key will have high points and low points to make the pins in your lock all line up above the "shear line" and t...	[ "An example of a diagnostic key is shown below. It is not based on the taxonomic classification of the included species — compare with the botanical classification of oaks.\n", "Applied examples that many people could encounter in their day-to-day lives include elevator call buttons and crosswalk buttons. The ini...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-01377	How do scientists know only 14% organisms have been identified?	URL_0 They used a statistical method to estimate how many species probably should exist on Earth, and compared this to how many we're found so far. We are still finding many new species every year.	[ "BULLET::::- Central Park, 2003. This BioBlitz found more than 800 species, including 393 species of plants, 78 of moths, 14 fungi, 10 spiders, 9 dragonflies, 2 tardigrades, 102 other invertebrates, 7 mammals, 3 turtles, 46 birds and 2 frog species. s.\n\nBULLET::::- Central Park, 2006. In collaboration with the E....	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-04975	Why does dust build up on things and surfaces over time?	Most dust is made up of human skin cells. If humans are living in a building, layers of skin flakes that fall off and float in air currents will accumulate. A closed house unoccupied will actually have less dust deposited.	[ "Wear of metals occurs by plastic displacement of surface and near-surface material and by detachment of particles that form wear debris. The particle size may vary from millimeters to nanometers. This process may occur by contact with other metals, nonmetallic solids, flowing liquids, solid particles or liquid dro...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00730	How do internet searches work with non-Roman characters?	> How does a search engine interpret these characters and find relevant results? A search engine doesn't care what the string of characters are that it is matching. It could be matching real words or nonsense strings, and as long as it recognizes the kanji as characters then it will work just fine. More complicated wou...	[ "Section::::History.\n", "In medieval texts, many special ligatures, scribal abbreviations, and letter forms existed, which are no longer a part of the Latin alphabet. As few of these characters are encoded in Unicode, ligatures have to be broken up into separate letters when digitized. Since few fonts support me...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "Internet searches won't work with non-roman characters." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Internet searches just look for the string of text you gave it in all of the data on the web. It doesn't matter what type of characters they are." ]
2018-23872	Why do panic attacks cause dizziness/lightheadedness and nausea?	In case of panic your systems shut down immediately to provide oxygen to the most important organs: heart and brain. It also pumps blood into your legs so you can run away faster in case of threats. This causes those symptoms because everything happens really fast.	[ "The resulting lack of blood flow to the brain is responsible for the faint.\n\nSection::::Diagnosis.\n\nStokes-Adams attacks may be diagnosed from the history, with paleness prior to the attack and flushing after it particularly characteristic. The ECG will show asystole, an AV block, or ventricular fibrillation d...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-06588	Everyone knows that body odor is caused by bacteria that feed on your sweat, etc, but where does the bacteria come from? Like if I were to thoroughly shower, eventually I'll start stinking again. If I was in a sterile environment, would I remain non-stank indefinitely?	First things first, our bodies start with the bacteria from our mothers birth canal in combination (which is a vast collection btw) with the microbes we come into contact with by interacting in our earliest environments (parents skin/air/walls/floors/objects, ect) This is continually changed and refined by new environm...	[ "George Preti\n\nDr. George Preti is an analytical organic chemist currently working at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For more than four decades, his research has focused on the nature, origin and functional significance of human odors. Dr. Preti's laboratory has identified charac...	[ "Showering gets rid of all bactieria on your body." ]	[ "Bacteria on our bodies are layers deep and showering does not get rid of all of the bacteria." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Showering gets rid of all bactieria on your body.", "Showering gets rid of all bactieria on your body." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Bacteria on our bodies are layers deep and showering does not get rid of all of the bacteria.", "Bacteria on our bodies are layers deep and showering does not get rid of all of the bacteria." ]
2018-20794	How did WW2 save the American economy?	It helped accelerate the recovery, but wasn’t solely responsible. Basically it created a large amount of jobs and demands for goods much quicker than a peaceful recovery would have.	[ "As a result of the new prosperity, consumer expenditures rose by nearly 50%, from $61.7 billion at the start of the war to $98.5 billion by 1944. Individual savings accounts climbed almost sevenfold during the course of the war. The share of total income held by the top 5% of wage earners fell from 22% to 17% whil...	[ "WW2 saved the American economy.", "WW2 saved the economy." ]	[ "WW2 helped accelerate the economy's recovery but wasn't solely responsible.", "WW2 just helped contribute to a faster recovery by increasing jobs and demand." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "WW2 saved the American economy.", "WW2 saved the economy." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "WW2 helped accelerate the economy's recovery but wasn't solely responsible.", "WW2 just helped contribute to a faster recovery by increasing jobs and demand." ]
2018-09167	Specific Gravity, and how do we get the volume of a thing by dividing its mass to its SG?	Specific gravity is a measure of density (mass per unit volume). IF you divide mass by (mass/volume) you get volume. You need to also convert units if you're not in a metric country.	[ "Specific gravity can be measured in a number of value ways. The following illustration involving the use of the pycnometer is instructive. A pycnometer is simply a bottle which can be precisely filled to a specific, but not necessarily accurately known volume, \"V\". Placed upon a balance of some sort it will exer...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04215	Why are crowds/stadiums of people so loud and not just as loud as the loudest person?	Because the loudness adds up. Sound is a pressure wave traveling through the air. If there are several, they add up. This is also what makes it hard to understand what one person in a loud crowd is saying. Very many sound sources with many different frequencies add up to noise that our brains can’t pick apart anymore.	[ "Two of the chief architectural concerns for the design of venues for mass audiences are speed of egress and safety. The speed at which the venue empty is important both for amenity and safety, because large crowds take a long time to disperse from a badly designed venue, which creates a safety risk. The Hillsborou...	[ "Crowds of people should only be so loud as the loudest person in the crowd." ]	[ "Loudness adds up, which makes the group louder than the loudest person in the group." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Crowds of people should only be so loud as the loudest person in the crowd.", "Crowds of people should only be so loud as the loudest person in the crowd." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Loudness adds up, which makes the group louder than the loudest person in the group.", "Loudness adds up, which makes the group louder than the loudest person in the group." ]
2018-12972	Why does alcohol affect you quickly when ingested but marijuana affects you slowly when ingested?	Alcohol is one of the few substances that can be absorbed by the stomach lining. It doesn't even need to enter you digestive tract to get absorbed. Marijuana edibles are absorbed via fat. Which is one of the hardest/longest things that our body digests.	[ "Although hashish is sometimes eaten raw or mixed with boiling water, THC and other cannabinoids are more efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream when combined with butter and other lipids or, less so, dissolved in ethanol. Chocolates, brownies, space cakes, and majoon are popular methods of ingestion. The time t...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-24140	why people tend to smoke when nervous to calm down when nicotine's cns stimulant, unlikely from alcohol, benzos and all them downers?	It works in much the same way that a weighted blanket helps anxiety and how amphetamines or analogs work for ADD/ADHD. The stimulation counteracts the other. Overloading the circuit causes it to reset so to speak.	[ "In many respects, nicotine acts on the nervous system in a similar way to caffeine. Some writings have stated that smoking can also increase mental concentration; one study documents a significantly better performance on the normed Advanced Raven Progressive Matrices test after smoking.\n", "Smokers often report...	[ "Nicotine use calms a nervous person down." ]	[ "Nicotine stimulation counteracts stimulation from nervousness." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Nicotine use calms a nervous person down.", "Nicotine use should stimulate, not calm down, a person." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Nicotine stimulation counteracts stimulation from nervousness.", "Nicotine stimulation counteracts stimulation from nervousness." ]
2018-02081	Why is hybrid and CNG technology more common in buses over consumer cars?	Any technology is easier to deploy in a fleet setting. If you need an unusual fuel, like CNG, then you can benefit from the fact that all the buses go to the same bus yard at the end of the shift. One fuel station there solves the problem, much better than cars that go to people's houses every night. Hybrid engines mig...	[ "When compared with the diesel engines normally used to power buses, the Bio bus produces 20-30% less carbon dioxide, 80% fewer nitrogen oxides and is low in particulates. One tank of the gas will power the bus for ; however this means that the bus has to make a significant journey to refuel, making it less economi...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-08495	why does scratching an allergic reaction to a bug bite make it grow?	So when you get bitten by a bug, it injects a small amount of venom under your skin. When you scratch it, you take the “bubble” of venom and push it out from the center, causing it to spread and grow.	[ "Section::::Biocontrol agent.:Enzymes.\n\nMany enzymes produced by \"P. lilacinum\" have been studied. A basic serine protease with biological activity against \"Meloidogyne hapla\" eggs has been identified. One strain of \"P. lilacinum\" has been shown to produce proteases and a chitinase, enzymes that could weake...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02302	Exactly how useful is a constantly scrolling stock ticker, like one would see on the side of a building or on the bottom of a TV news network, to a modern investor?	its mostly anachronistic at this point. even calling it a ticker is from when it came across the wire and was typed out with a telegraph. ticker tape parades were just bunches of this paper being thrown out the windows onto parade goers. i think people mostly use them now as an historical nod to the market rather than ...	[ "Simulated ticker displays, named after the original machines, still exist as part of the display of television news channels and on some websites — see news ticker. One of the most famous outdoor displays is the simulated ticker scrolling marquee located at One Times Square in New York City.\n", "A ticker may al...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-01204	Why is a sample size of 1,000 enough for a 3% margin of error in a group of any size?	It depends on the assumption that your sample is a good random sample of the whole population. As long as you believe that assumption, the result sounds less surprising. If you flipped a coin 1000 times and got 500 heads, how confident would you be that it's fair? Would you be happy that there's at least a 95% chance t...	[ "A 3% margin of error means that if the same procedure is used a large number of times, 95% of the time the true population average will be within the sample estimate plus or minus 3%. The margin of error can be reduced by using a larger sample, however if a pollster wishes to reduce the margin of error to 1% they ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-10197	How did couriers find their recipients in old times?	Typically couriers were given information such as the name of the recipient and the town in which they resided. If the courier arrived in the town and asked where the person lived the locals could provide that information. People who were important enough to have couriers delivering them documents would be known.	[ "In ancient history, messages were hand-delivered using a variety of methods, including runners, homing pigeons and riders on horseback. Before the introduction of mechanized courier services, foot messengers physically ran miles to their destinations. Xenophon attributed the first use of couriers to the Persian pr...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-17025	Why do fruits like apples or bananas get "bruised" when bumped or dropped?	Its usually an example of the skin of the fruit being lightly damaged, which allows the organic chemical compounds in the fruit to react to outer factors. The bruising is an act of these compounds oxidizing, which takes on a brownish color.	[ "Butternut squash and Acorn squash have been known to cause an allergic reaction in many individuals, especially in food preparation where the squash skin is cut and exposed to the epidermis. Food handlers and kitchen workers often take precautions to wear rubber or latex gloves when peeling butternut and acorn squ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-01011	How does a laser maintain its brightness wether it be pointed 2 feet away or 30?	This is a key characteristic of lasers: all the light comes out of them in a straight line, with quite limited spreading-out. (It's actually not a much bigger dot, compared to a flashlight which emits a cone of light.) Thus the dot doesn't get fainter.	[ "Section::::History.\n\nSection::::History.:Foundations.\n", "Section::::Techniques.:CCD camera technique.:Optimal beam size on the CCD detector.\n", "Section::::Colors and wavelengths.:Yellow.\n\nNew 589 nm yellow laser pointers have been introduced using a more robust and of harmonic generation from a DPSS la...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-02232	Why nutrition labels say “Sugars 0g” yet there’s sugar in the ingredients list	"The Nutrition Facts Panel on the side of every packaged item is a key partner in helping you determine whether the product you’re buying is truly sugar-free. For packaged food and drinks traditionally bought at a grocery store, the rules governing sugar-free are clearly defined. According to the FDA, “Sugar-Free” mean...	[ "Sugar is added to ingredients lists under dozens of different names, which, where ingredients lists are in order from largest to smallest quantity, can let sugars appear spuriously lower on the ingredients list.\n\nSection::::Labelling.:2016 US nutritional labelling changes.\n\nIn 2016, the FDA enacted new require...	[ "Seeing Sugars 0g should eliminate the possibility of sugar in the ingredient list." ]	[ "Labeling laws are complex and allow for some room for sugar in sugar free labelled items. .5g of sugar can be in sugar free items by law. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Seeing Sugars 0g should eliminate the possibility of sugar in the ingredient list." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Labeling laws are complex and allow for some room for sugar in sugar free labelled items. .5g of sugar can be in sugar free items by law. " ]
2018-12492	What's the difference between being a vegan and a vegetarian?	Vegetarians don’t eat meat- vegans don’t eat meat OR any other animal byproduct (dairy, honey, eggs, etc. essentially if you need an animal to make the food, they don’t eat it)	[ "The main difference between a vegan and vegetarian diet is that vegans exclude dairy products and eggs. Ethical vegans avoid them on the premise that their production causes animal suffering and premature death. In egg production, most male chicks are culled because they do not lay eggs. To obtain milk from dairy ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-12778	Why are hospital grade pain killers (morphine, etc) more effective than over the counter painkillers such as ibuprofen? And how does the structure and molecular interactions influence this trend?	There's some evidence that over-the-counter meds might be more effective than opioids and other Rx painkillers for some kinds of pain. [Opiods no better than Tylenol for chronic pain]( URL_1 ) [ Over-the-counter drugs as effective as opioids at reducing acute pain ]( URL_0 ) (note these are two different studies) Perso...	[ "Commonly-used long-acting opioids and their parent compound:\n\nBULLET::::- OxyContin (oxycodone)\n\nBULLET::::- Hydromorph Contin (hydromorphone)\n\nBULLET::::- MS Contin (morphine)\n\nBULLET::::- M-Eslon (morphine)\n\nBULLET::::- Exalgo (hydromorphone)\n\nBULLET::::- Opana ER (oxymorphone)\n\nBULLET::::- Durages...	[ "Hospital grade pain killers (morphine, etc) are always more effective than over the counter painkillers such as ibuprofen.", "Hospital grade pain killers (morphine, etc) are more effective than over the counter painkillers such as ibuprofen." ]	[ "There is evidence that for some types of pain, over-the-counter painkillers might be more effective than opioids.", "Over-the-counter meds might be more effective than opioids and other Rx painkillers for some kinds of pain." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Hospital grade pain killers (morphine, etc) are always more effective than over the counter painkillers such as ibuprofen.", "Hospital grade pain killers (morphine, etc) are more effective than over the counter painkillers such as ibuprofen." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "There is evidence that for some types of pain, over-the-counter painkillers might be more effective than opioids.", "Over-the-counter meds might be more effective than opioids and other Rx painkillers for some kinds of pain." ]
2018-22816	When people used to rely more heavily on well systems, how did they keep that water from being stagnant and unhealthy to drink?	Stagnant results from when it has decaying organic matter in it, or some other pollutant. As long as a well is kept covered, there isn't much that can get in there. If they really thought it had a problem they could just remove all the water in the well, and more new, fresh, cleaner water would refill it.	[ "A largely intact example of a 'Victorian' era water pump survives next to the Dusk water within the clachan. This pump was powered via a small waterwheel and a sluice and weir arrangement once directed water to it. drinking water did nor usually come from water courses due to the risk of pollution by stock, etc an...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-17323	Why hasn't the voice quality of phone calls improved?	It's a legacy thing. IIRC, Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) have 3 KHertz of bandwidth allocated. That's because back in the day, Bell Labs determined that was enough to provide an adequate voice telephone call. According to Wikipedia, POTS is "restricted to a narrow frequency range of 300–3,300 Hz, called the voiceb...	[ "In general, executives loved the voice mail systems, however time revealed some downsides:\n\nBULLET::::- While executive productivity may have improved, many secretarial and administrative jobs were eliminated;\n\nBULLET::::- Paper notices about calls were eliminated, but VM did not necessarily improve call-backs...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-19473	how has the NASA Parker Solar Probe achieved the velocity of 150,000+ MPH?	The earth is traveling 67,000 MPH as it goes around the sun. Slow down a bit so you fall out of orbit and now you start falling toward the sun. You have 93 million miles to fall. You are going to pick up a little speed.	[ "The trajectory requires high launch energy, so the probe was launched on a Delta IV Heavy class launch vehicle and an upper stage based on the STAR 48BV solid rocket motor. Interplanetary gravity assists will provide further deceleration relative to its heliocentric orbit, which will result in a heliocentric speed...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03703	When pouring honey from a spoon, why does increasing the height of the spoon cause a thin fast stream, but holding the spoon lower - closer to the object surface, cause a wide but slow stream?	Every bit of honey flowing from the jar is speeding up as it travels down. That's simply gravity at work. Since the amount of honey flowing from the jar is the same at the top as at the bottom, when it flows faster the stream becomeas thinner. Otherwise there would be more honey per second at the bottom of the stream t...	[ "Section::::Dilatant fluids.\n\nDilatant, or \"shear-thickening\" fluids increase in apparent viscosity at higher shear rates. They are rarely encountered, but one common example is an uncooked paste of cornstarch and water, sometimes known as oobleck. Under high shear rates the water is squeezed out from between t...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04881	Why does an old computer screen flicker when I'm not looking at it directly?	While the center of your visual field is most suited for seeing detail and color, the periphery of your visual field is tuned for seeing motion. There is something called the flicker fusion threshold which is basically the period at which a flashing light appears as a solid light rather than a flashing one. It turns ...	[ "Much more of a concern is the LCD backlight. Earlier screens used fluorescent lamps which flickered at 100 or 120 Hz; most modern screens use an electronic ballast that flickers at 25–60 kHz which is far outside the human perceptible range. LED backlights should not flicker at all, though some designs may \"dim\" ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "Computer screen flickers when not looking directly at it." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "It is actually an artifiact of how your eyes work that causes the screen to appear to be flickering. " ]
2018-00003	If media attributes a source anonymously, how does anyone know if that source is true and not just fabricated by whoever wrote/reported it?	Credibility. Does the publication/journalist have a track record of reporting accurate information? This also comes down to the ethics of the journalist as well. Do they have a good track record of their sources reporting factual stories? If it's fabricated, and it can be proved to be malicious fabrication, that's libe...	[ "But prominent reports based on anonymous sources have sometimes been proved to be incorrect. For instance, much of the O. J. Simpson reporting from unnamed sources was later deemed inaccurate. \"Newsweek\" retracted a story about a Qur'an being flushed down a toilet that led to riots in the Middle East; the Qur'an...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04846	How is the amount of stars in a galaxy approximated?	Same as anything else. You take a count of a sample area (say 100 cubic light years) and extrapolate an average across the entire galactic area, making adjustments for density changes (more stars near the center and fewer near the edges). If you have a gradient you can transpose the average onto that gradient (so for e...	[ "Where N(M) is number of planetary nebula, having absolute magnitude M. M* is equal to the nebula with the brightest magnitude.\n\nSection::::Extragalactic distance scale.:Surface brightness fluctuation method.\n\nThe following method deals with the overall inherent properties of galaxies. These methods, though wit...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03879	As an American with a tenuous grasp of the rules of cricket, what would sandpapering a ball do, and why did those Australian players get into so much trouble?	Deadspin has a [write up on this]( URL_0 ) that's very ELI5. Choice excerpts: > The condition of a cricket ball hugely affects how it travels through the air as it is bowled to a batsman, and that condition changes dramatically over the course of a game. Unlike in baseball, the same ball is used for a large portion of ...	[ "In 2005 Ponting began using cricket bats with a graphite covering over the wooden blade of the bat, as did other players contracted to Kookaburra Sport. This was ruled by the MCC to have contravened Law 6.1, which states that bats have to be made of wood, although they may be \"covered with material for protection...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-02030	Why do gas stations make you go inside if there's less than $100-$200 on your debit card?	I've never had that happen, and my debit card has had less than that before. However, I'd assume it's something to do with putting holds on your account. I got gas once at a gas station and they placed a $50 hold on my account (I only got $20 worth of gas), the difference was refunded a few days later	[ "Some filling stations are totally unattended and only allow customers to purchase fuel by paying at the pump.\n\nSection::::Fraud.\n\nThose who use the pay at the pump feature could be putting themselves at risk for fraud, as thieves attach skimmers to the pumps that can steal the information off the cards used to...	[ "Gas stations make you go inside when you have less than 200 dollars.", "Gas stations require you to pay inside if you have less than 200$ on your account." ]	[ "This doesn't happen to everyone.", "From personal experience, it has never happened before, meaning there are gas stations that don't require you to go inside if there is less than 200$ on your debit card." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Gas stations make you go inside when you have less than 200 dollars.", "Gas stations require you to pay inside if you have less than 200$ on your account." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "This doesn't happen to everyone.", "From personal experience, it has never happened before, meaning there are gas stations that don't require you to go inside if there is less than 200$ on your debit card." ]
2018-19010	How do those plants that mimic how insects look know what insects look like?	They don't know at all. The plant that had a genetic marking or coloration that gave it some unique benefit for reproduction was more successful than other genetic variations. Over time and multiple generations the successful genetic design was refined. If looking like an insect gave the plant some reproduction advanta...	[ "George Klir, reviewing the book in the \"International Journal of General Systems\", writes that \"This book, full of beautiful pictures of plants of great variety, is a testimony of the genius of Aristid Lindenmayer, who invented in 1968 systems that are now named by him -- \"Lindenmayer systems\" or \"L-systems\...	[ "Plants must know how insects look to be able to mimic them.", "Plants that mimic how insect look, know and understand what an insect looks like." ]	[ "Plants do not know what insects look like - successful mimicry designs were refined related to the success of the plant's reproduction results.", "The plants don't know, but the most successful variation of plant is the one that reproduced the most, which is why there are more plants that look identical to insec...	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Plants must know how insects look to be able to mimic them.", "Plants that mimic how insect look, know and understand what an insect looks like." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Plants do not know what insects look like - successful mimicry designs were refined related to the success of the plant's reproduction results.", "The plants don't know, but the most successful variation of plant is the one that reproduced the most, which is why there are more plants that look identical to insec...
2018-04871	How did the tradition of circumcision in various religions/cultures start?	Regular amputation of the healthy male foreskin has originated totally independently in many different cultures, in many different time periods, and in many different geographical locations. This tells us that something is triggering such a practice. That trigger is not "infections" in hot areas of the globe or such ...	[ "Circumcision was also adopted by some Semitic peoples living in or around Egypt. Herodotus reported that circumcision is only practiced by the Egyptians, Colchians, Ethiopians, Phoenicians, the 'Syrians of Palestine', and \"the Syrians who dwell about the rivers Thermodon and Parthenius, as well as their neighbour...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04993	Why is card counting illegal in most casinos?	It's not that its illegal at all.... Its that once the casino identifies you as a counter of cards, they reserve the right to refuse service to you.... Or in other words once they realize they have lost the advantage over you, they ask you to leave. Some are more polite about it than others.	[ "Atlantic City casinos in the US state of New Jersey are forbidden from barring card counters as a result of a New Jersey Supreme Court decision. In 1979 Ken Uston, a Blackjack Hall of Fame inductee, filed a lawsuit against an Atlantic City casino, claiming that casinos did not have the right to ban skilled players...	[ "Counting cards is illegal." ]	[ "Counting cards is legal, however the casino still retains the right as a business to refuse service to anyone for any reason. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Counting cards is illegal." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Counting cards is legal, however the casino still retains the right as a business to refuse service to anyone for any reason. " ]
2018-01861	How do hands-free water fountains work? (Give you water without needing touched)	They usually have a small radar sensor that measures if there is something within a feet or so of the sensor. If they measure something, they assume it's a hand or a face and turn the faucet on.	[ "One of the most unusual modern American fountains is the Civil Rights Memorial (1989) at the Southern Poverty Law Center in Montgomery, Alabama, designed by Maya Lin, the designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C. The \"Civil Rights Memorial\" fountain features a low elliptical black granite tabl...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-00468	Why were ancient cultures fascinated with animals?	You mean the life-giving creatures that roam amongst us but that we don't understand fully? The ones we literally need to survive but are so alien to us that we strive to understand and control them? The ones with often special physical traits that we admire/are dangerous to us? Large living creatures that are crucial ...	[ "BULLET::::- 850 BC. Homer (Greek), reputedly a blind poet, wrote the epics Iliad and Odyssey. Both contain animals as monsters and metaphors (gross soldiers turned into pigs by the witch Circe), but also some correct observations on bees and fly maggots. Both epics make reference to mules. The ancient Greeks consi...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-01738	Why is there no longer a satellite delay on television interviews?	Fiber optics have permitted these to be conducted via terrestrial lines instead of by satellite.	[ "Dish Network's Hopper digital video recorder, announced in January 2012, led to controversy over a feature, called \"AutoHop\", which allows viewers to watch some programming without commercials, subject to time restrictions.\n", "Early portable video systems recorded at a lower quality than broadcast studio cam...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-15851	why do propane tanks get really cold when they’ve been used for a long time?	When gases expand, they cool down. So when you pull gas from the propane, the gas is expanding to occupy more space, meaning it cools down. To understand this, think about what temperature means. It’s proportional to the average speed of particles. So when a clump of gas expands, the particles that move away first are ...	[ "LNG storage pressures are typically around 50-150 psi, or 3 to 10 bar. At atmospheric pressure, LNG is at a temperature of -260 °F (-162 °C), however, in a vehicle tank under pressure the temperature is slightly higher (see saturated fluid). Storage temperatures may vary due to varying composition and storage pres...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00243	Nutritional values on food packaging can strongly contradict itself (E.g. sainsbury's 500g fresh egg pasta claims 142kcal/100g, and ALSO claims 341kcal/quarter pack. Do regulatory bodies not prevent this? Which figure should you trust?	Both! You should trust both because they are both completely accurate A quarter package is 125 grams of uncooked pasta and has 341 kcal. 100 grams of cooked pasta has just 142 kcal because it has taken on a lot of water weight. Beside the 100 g nutrition facts it says "(cooked as per instructions)" indicating that ...	[ "Certification according to a GFSI recognized scheme can be achieved through a successful third party audit against any of the following schemes recognized by the GFSI:\n\nBULLET::::- BRC Global Standard for Food Safety (Seventh Edition)\n\nBULLET::::- BRC-IOP Global Standard for Packaging and Packaging Materials I...	[ "One source of information is not accurate and should not be trusted.", "You should only trust one figure on the nutritional labels of food." ]	[ "Both sources of information are accurate because they refer to different stages of the cooking process. ", "You should trust both labels of the nutritional values of food." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "One source of information is not accurate and should not be trusted.", "You should only trust one figure on the nutritional labels of food." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Both sources of information are accurate because they refer to different stages of the cooking process. ", "You should trust both labels of the nutritional values of food." ]
2018-11342	How come after you stair at the sun with your eyes closed for a while, everything looks blue when you open them?	When you stare at the sun with your eyes closed you are looking at light which filters through your eyelids. Your eyelids are full of capillaries which contain blood cells, which in turn contain the chemical compound hemoglobin, the red pigment in blood. This means your eyes are flooded with light tinted red. Our e...	[ "The eye's lens is normally tinted yellow. This reduces the intensity of blue light reaching the retina. When the lens is removed because of cataract, it is usually replaced by an artificial intraocular lens; these artificial lenses are clear, allowing more intense blue light than usual to fall on the retina, leadi...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-22587	Why does banging the lid on an impossible to open jar with a butter knife make opening said lid so much easier?	Jar goods are usually sealed under incredibly high temperatures to kill bacteria. A side effect is this creates a small vacuum of air in the jar. And is why most jars that have a tin button on it's cap will have a label that says if the button is not pressed in; do not consume. This vacuum of air is essentially a tiny ...	[ "Jars rely on the principle of stretching a pipe to build elastic potential energy such that when the jar trips it relies on the masses of the drill pipe and collars to gain velocity and subsequently strike the anvil section of jar. This impact results in a force, or blow, which is converted into energy.\n\nSection...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-05061	why "black lights" look purple?	Because they are not "black" at all, they are ultraviolet, and the closest visible color is violet so they give off some of that too.	[ "Unlike spectral colors, which may be implemented, for example, by the nearly monochromatic light of a laser, with precision much finer than human chromaticity resolution, colors on the line are more difficult to depict. The sensitivity of each type of human cone cell to \"both\" spectral red and spectral violet, b...	[ "Black lights should be black.", "Black lights can look purple. " ]	[ "Black lights are just a name, they are ultraviolet which is close in color to violet. ", "Black lights that look purple are not black at all." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Black lights should be black.", "Black lights can look purple. " ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Black lights are just a name, they are ultraviolet which is close in color to violet. ", "Black lights that look purple are not black at all." ]
2018-04185	How does expelling Diplomats from your country punish the other country more than yours?	It's really more about the diplomats being, or enabling, spies. If they're not inside your country, it's a lot harder for them to do that. Also, the purpose of the embassy isn't as much about relations between the government of the UK and Russia, it's more about the businesses of the UK and Russia. That means shutting ...	[ "So-called \"tit for tat\" exchanges have occurred (whereby ambassadors of countries involved in a dispute each expel the ambassador of the other country), notably during the Cold War. A notable occurrence outside of the Cold War was an exchange between the United States and Ecuador in 2011: the Ecuadorian governme...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00237	How did English become one of the most commonly used languages for international business when it can be quite difficult to learn?	The British Empire being the most widespread empire in world history followed by the US economic hegemony being the largest in the world. We are looking at English Speaking countries being the one of the most if not the most powerful nations for the better part of 4 centuries.	[ "Extensive technological advances in the 21st century have enabled instant global communication, breaking the barriers of space and time, thereby changing the nature of globalization. With the world turned into an interconnected global system, there is a need for a mutual language. English has fulfilled this need b...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00377	Do today's video games keep you playing like casinos do, throwing you wins once in a while to keep you playing longer?	There have been news recently of a patent filed by Activision for a system designed to goad players into buying more microtransaction items by doing things like matching them up against better players with premium items that the manipulated player doesn't have, to make them believe that they would be more successful in...	[ "The nature of the game is described at length by George Owen of Henllys (1552–1613), an eccentric historian of Pembrokeshire:\n", "In his 1938 book, \"Homo Ludens\", Dutch cultural historian Johan Huizinga argued that games were a primary condition of the generation of human cultures. Huizinga saw the playing of...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04317	How does expelling Russian diplomats from the UK punish Russia? What do the diplomats do?	Expelling diplomats over a conflict is like sending your partner to sleep on the couch. It doesn't solve the argument but makes it clear that the conflict is to be taken seriously since communication is cut off.	[ "In March 2018, as a result of the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury, relations between the countries deteriorated still further, both countries expelling 23 diplomats each and taking other punitive measures against one another. Within days of the incident, the UK government's assessment that it wa...	[ "Expelling Russian diplomats from UK can't really be considered a punishment. " ]	[ "It removes the other party's ability to communicate with the other, therefore making it a punishment. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Expelling Russian diplomats from UK can't really be considered a punishment. ", "Expelling Russian diplomats from UK can't really be considered a punishment. " ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "It removes the other party's ability to communicate with the other, therefore making it a punishment. ", "It removes the other party's ability to communicate with the other, therefore making it a punishment. " ]
2018-01455	How do fruit trees have same fruiting season when they are planted at diff times?	Plants.. and many animals too, are ruled mostly by the sun. It's the number of daylight hours that triggers flowering and fruiting. The warming weather has a role to play as well. The trees of the same species bloom at the same time to attract certain insects for the purpose of pollination.	[ "BULLET::::- Same crop, different maturity dates: Several varieties are selected, with different maturity dates: early, main season, late. Planted at the same time, the varieties mature one after the other over the season.\n", "Abiu may have several flowering periods a year, with potential for both flowers and fr...	[ "Trees planted at different times will have different fruiting seasons." ]	[ "Daylight hours and weather determine when a tree's fruiting season will be." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Trees planted at different times will have different fruiting seasons." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Daylight hours and weather determine when a tree's fruiting season will be." ]
2018-15694	How come there are like 4000+ species of cockroaches, but as far as I know there's only one type of human?	Homo sapiens drove every other to extinction, since those were adversaries fighting for the same resources. Plus intelligence is good enough of a trait in every environment, so there is no point in specialization, hence you can see humans everywhere on the globe. Other animals have different species surviving in differ...	[ "Further to this recognition of nestmates, \"Polistes biglumis\" foundresses discriminate between 'alien' eggs and their own via differential oophagy.\n\nThe mechanism of differentiation is not elucidated, but is thought to be based upon differences in cuticular hydrocarbon odor. \n\nSection::::Species.\n\nBULLET::...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-01817	how are mountains measured?	The need to know one is 'on' the absolutely highest point isn't there, because mountains aren't measured by scaling them. Instead, a technique called triangulation is used, in which one measures the angle from the ground to the peak of the mountain at two different points (it's clear where the peak is if you stand far ...	[ "If an elevation or prominence is calculated as a range of values, the arithmetic mean is shown.\n\nSection::::See also.\n\nBULLET::::- List of mountain peaks of North America\n\nBULLET::::- List of mountain peaks of Greenland\n\nBULLET::::- List of mountain peaks of Canada\n\nBULLET::::- List of mountain peaks of ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-03128	Why does, when getting hit in the balls, the pain get worse over time and leave you with a stomach ache?	When you were a fetus, your testicles originally formed inside your abdomen, near the intestines, kidneys and stomach. Even after your balls have dropped, for the rest of your life, all of the major blood vessels and nerves in your testicles are have connections routed through your intestines, kidneys, and stomach. So ...	[ "Following sporting activity the person with athletic pubalgia will be stiff and sore. The day after a match, getting out of bed or a car will be difficult. Any exertion that increases intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or sporting activity can cause pain. In the early stages, the person may be a...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02127	How can an area see very little rainfall but also see quite a bit of snowfall.	Snow is made from precipitation mixed with cold temperatures. Rain turns to snow when it gets cold enough and needs lower temperatures to be rain. So the cold temperatures in your location are probably turning any rainfall into snow.	[ "Antecedent moisture conditions are highly affected by preceding rainfall levels. However, preceding rainfall is not the only condition that affects antecedent moisture, and many other variables in the hydrologic process can have a significant impact. For example, air temperature, wind speed, and humidity levels af...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "heavy snowfall should lead to a lot of rainfall." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "The climate likely causes all the would be rain into snow. " ]
2018-00844	Why is non-ionizing radiation harmless?	The same evidence we have that light can't go through a brick wall and set fire to your sofa. Scientists have done experiments in laboratory conditions, multi-year (even multi-decade) studies, etc. If you want to get more in-depth into this, and have specific studies cited, please try /r/AskScience.	[ "As noted above, the lower part of the spectrum of ultraviolet, called soft UV, from 3 eV to about 10 eV, is non-ionizing. However, the effects of non-ionizing ultraviolet on chemistry and the damage to biological systems exposed to it (including oxidation, mutation, and cancer) are such that even this part of ultr...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00296	Why Are The Tallest Trees In California?	The tropics tend to get hit with big storms and even hurricanes every so often, where as California doesn't (at least the area where big tress are found).	[ "BULLET::::- Euclid tree: The 16th largest tree in the world. It was identified as being a large tree in 1989 by Wendell Flint. This tree is quite tall at for a Giant Sequoia, as the tops of most of the biggest trees have been damaged, and their heights reduced by lightning strikes.\n\nBULLET::::- Adam tree: The 20...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04592	Why do many movie trailers shown before a film say “Coming Soon” instead of the release date? Wouldn’t it be better for the audience to know exactly when to expect the film?	It's because the release date isn't yet determined. A movie can be in the production process before a release date is decided upon, and even if a date is given it might change, so they just wait until they know for sure when it'll be coming out before telling people that date.	[ "Writing the Initial Plan for PID implies adequate reconsideration of proposed date and detail phases accordingly. Often business stakeholders ask project to be delivered to impossible dates, which requires the highlight of that fact. In that case most of stakeholders are flexible and about to reconsider the launch...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-00085	What actually happens when we recall music or sound?	Music Educator here! People learn to speak by repetition, right? This is the same way you learn lyrics and melodies to your favorite songs or even songs you don't know well. I don't know about you, but if I hear a song I like, j loop it until I'm sick of it completely. So what happens is your brain makes sequencing con...	[ "Section::::Models.:Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory.\n", "Section::::Testing.:In infants.\n", "Section::::Development.\n", "Section::::Semantic vs. episodic.\n", "BULLET::::- In the concept album \"Communications\", the character Nancy Elsner perceives voices as colors, and her song \"Housewife...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03983	How are military systems like fighter planes protected from backdooring or other neutralization against their original country of origin?	These days a backdoor would almost certainly be implemented in software and at least some buyers are able to negotiate access to source code as part of the purchase agreement. I believe that the F35 falls in this category because the other countries are considered to be co-developers rather than just buyers and in some...	[ "BULLET::::- Finnish Aircraft Register\n\nBULLET::::- French Aircraft Register\n\nBULLET::::- Guatemalan Aircraft Register\n\nBULLET::::- Indian Aircraft Register\n\nBULLET::::- International Registry of Mobile Assets, pursuant to the Cape Town Treaty\n\nBULLET::::- Irish Aircraft Register\n\nBULLET::::- Isle of Ma...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "Military systems do not allow backdoors into the code." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Some buyers of military systems are able to negotiate access to source code." ]
2018-11727	How do laser printers print different colours?	There are in principle 4 printers with one color each in a row. So you print cyan, magenta, yellow and black and the result is a color image. Each stage work like a black and whiter printer but the toner is another color.	[ "Color laser printers use colored toner (dry ink), typically cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK). While monochrome printers only use one laser scanner assembly, color printers often have two or more.\n", "2-part Color laser transfers are part of a two-step process whereby the Color laser printers use colored ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-01866	Why is it you can think of a word and use it properly in a sentence even though you can’t recall what the word means?	Because you've heard or seen it used in that type of context, so you are essentially imitating without understanding. In vocabulary tests, constructing a sentence using a word correctly is taken as a sign that the comprehension of the meaning is there.	[ "BULLET::::- Phonological agraphia is the opposite of lexical agraphia in that the ability to sound out words is impaired, but the orthographical memory of words may be intact. It is associated with a lexicality effect by a difference in the ability to spell words versus nonwords; individuals with this form of agra...	[ "If you can't recall the meaning of a word, you should not be able to use it in a sentence." ]	[ "If you have heard the word the word used in context you are able to imitate the word without knowing the meaning of the word." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "If you can't recall the meaning of a word, you should not be able to use it in a sentence.", "If you can't recall the meaning of a word, you should not be able to use it in a sentence." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "If you have heard the word the word used in context you are able to imitate the word without knowing the meaning of the word.", "If you have heard the word the word used in context you are able to imitate the word without knowing the meaning of the word." ]
2018-03202	why can liquid form that little brim above its container and not spill out?	It's really hard to answer this question with a long answer. The answer is surface tension. Water and other fluids stick to themselves. Until the mass of the water cresting over the lip of the container is heavy enough to break surface tension, the surface tension will hold it.	[ "Again in 2011, Richert and Binder (at the University of Hawaii) examined the siphon and concluded that molecular cohesion is not required for the operation of a siphon but relies upon gravity and a pressure differential, writing: \"As the fluid initially primed on the long leg of the siphon rushes down due to grav...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-01633	If you try and speak in really strong wind, are your words literally being "blown away" or can people just not hear you due to the wind noise?	As most of the answers here don't explain what actually happens I thought I'd give it a go. The reason this happens is due to the refraction of the sound waves. They refract as the wind speed increases with altitude, so even in strong winds, the wind speed at your feet is practically 0. This effect in a headwind causes...	[ "The most common and effective method of woodwind growling is to hum, sing, or even scream into the mouthpiece of the instrument. This method introduces interference within the instrument itself, breaking up the normal quality of sound waves produced. Furthermore, the vibration of the vocal note in the mouth and li...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04344	How do authors like Danielle Steele, Nora Roberts publish so many novels while other great authors have only written a few?	Because they don’t publish great works, but rather housewife porn novels. Good guy, bad guy, damsel in distress, good wins, steamy written sex. Repeat for each novel with a different setting.	[ "BULLET::::- \"One Bachelor to Go\" (Silhouette Romance) - February 2004\n\nBULLET::::- \"The Bowen Bride\" (Silhouette Romance) - November 2004\n\nSection::::List of works.:Young adult novels - Niki Burnham.\n\nSection::::List of works.:Young adult novels - Niki Burnham.:The Valerie Winslow series.\n\nBULLET::::- ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-15336	Why does airplane approach upon landing at Nice, France airport differ so much?	There are several runways in which the plane can land, this depends on the flight direction and which runways are clear. In terms of different altitudes and other variables in terms of landing, that depends largely on the conditions at the time, e.g. wind speed. Or at least that’s my basic knowledge	[ "BULLET::::- LFMN (NCE) – Nice Côte d'Azur Airport – Nice\n\nBULLET::::- LFMO (XOG) – Orange Caritat Airport – Orange\n\nBULLET::::- LFMP (PGF) – Perpignan Rivesaltes Airport – Perpignan\n\nBULLET::::- LFMQ (CTT) – Le Castellet Airport – Le Castellet\n\nBULLET::::- LFMR (BAE) – Barcelonnette – Saint-Pons Airport – ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04839	Why does a 20000mAh external battery charge a 3500mAh phone 5 times over, but is unable to charge a 4640mAh laptop once?	You've likely got a problem of charge rates If you have a 10 watt charger attempting to charge a 9 watt-hour battery in a device that consumes 1 watt then it'll be charged in an hour If you have a 10 watt charger attempting to charge a 9 watt hour battery in a device that consumes 9 watts then it'll be charged in 9 hou...	[ "The basic components of laptops function identically to their desktop counterparts. Traditionally they were miniaturized and adapted to mobile use, although desktop systems increasingly use the same smaller, lower-power parts which were originally developed for mobile use. The design restrictions on power, size, a...	[ "If a 20,000mah battery pack is able to charge a 3500mah phone five times, it should be able to charge a 4640mah laptop once." ]	[ "The laptop is likely using energy faster than the battery pack can charge, therefore it is not the capacity of the battery pack, but more so how fast the battery pack can charge. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "If a 20,000mah battery pack is able to charge a 3500mah phone five times, it should be able to charge a 4640mah laptop once.", "If a 20,000mah battery pack is able to charge a 3500mah phone five times, it should be able to charge a 4640mah laptop once." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "The laptop is likely using energy faster than the battery pack can charge, therefore it is not the capacity of the battery pack, but more so how fast the battery pack can charge. ", "The laptop is likely using energy faster than the battery pack can charge, therefore it is not the capacity of the battery pack, b...
2018-00707	Blowing on boiling pasta water effects?	You induce a low pressure system over the water. It makes it evaporate faster. It also causes the bubbles to expand and then pop. Doesn’t do much to the pasta but does make the water boil away slightly faster.	[ "For the process prior to cake discharge, air blowing is used for cakes that have permeability of 10 to 10 m.\n\nSection::::Pre-treatment.\n", "Section::::Description.\n", "A young woman hanging clothes on a line happily points out the arrival of \"manine\" or fluffy poplar seeds floating on the wind. The old m...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-03631	How can people sense when someone is looking at them ?	Various studies have explored the reliability with which humans can visually detect gazes from other individuals. Brain imaging has shown that the brain cells which are activated when a test subject can see that they are being stared at are distinct from the cells activated when the starer's eyes are averted away from ...	[ "Section::::Body motion.\n\nResearch on body motion in social vision focuses on what information perceivers are able to extract when seeing an individual move. This research is primarily conducted by showing subjects point-light displays of human movement. The underlying premise of body motion research is that a la...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-20506	How do animals brains mesh together their vision if their field of view doesn't overlap?	Animals with zero central overlap like some fish and lizards have to bob their heads side to side as they move to maintain some forward vision. They have very poor depth perception, it's more like two monitors side by side than a single composite image like a human's visual field. Their brain doesn't mesh the images to...	[ "BULLET::::- fire uniformly all over different areas in space as long as monkey is looking at the same area\n\nBULLET::::- ability to maintain their spatial properties for periods of up to several minutes in the dark\n\nBULLET::::- responses depend on where the monkey is looking, by measuring eye position\n\nBULLET...	[ "Brains from animals without central vision overlap mesh together images. ", "Animals whose field of view doesn't overlap mesh together their vision." ]	[ "Brains from animals without central overlap do not mesh together images. ", "Animals with zero central overlap do not mesh images together, they bob their heads side to side." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Brains from animals without central vision overlap mesh together images. ", "Animals whose field of view doesn't overlap mesh together their vision." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Brains from animals without central overlap do not mesh together images. ", "Animals with zero central overlap do not mesh images together, they bob their heads side to side." ]
2018-16943	Why are so many of the best paying jobs non wealth creating? Bankers, consultants, accountants, they just seem to shift wealth from place to place.	I think there are really two questions here. First, is what these people do valuable? I once saw something saying that the only thing worse than having to use a lawyer is needing a lawyer and not having one. Having to go to court is bad enough. Having to go to court without the help of a lawyer? :s So many of these pro...	[ "The Great Recession of the late 2000s caused investors to address concerns within their portfolios. For this reason wealth managers have been advised that clients have a greater need to understand, access, and communicate with advisers about their situation.\n\nSection::::Family Wealth Management.\n\nJames E. Hugh...	[ "The best paying jobs do not create wealth." ]	[ "There are multiple factors that determine one's wealth and one's profession of choice alone can't be the main determining factor of one's net worth." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "The best paying jobs do not create wealth.", "The best paying jobs do not create wealth." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "There are multiple factors that determine one's wealth and one's profession of choice alone can't be the main determining factor of one's net worth.", "There are multiple factors that determine one's wealth and one's profession of choice alone can't be the main determining factor of one's net worth." ]

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