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70f04ef1691d-0 | EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
A Bantam Book
PUBLISHING HISTORY
Bantam hardcover edition published October 1995
Bantam trade paperback edition published July 1997
Bantam 10th anniversary trade paperback edition published October 2005
Bantam 10th anniversary hardcover edition / October 2006
Published by
Bantam Dell
A Division o... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
0bca116baa5f-0 | Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Introduction
Aristotle’s Challenge
PART ONE
THE EMOTIONAL BRAIN
1. What Are Emotions For?
2. Anatomy of an Emotional Hijacking
PART TWO
THE NATURE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
3. When Smart Is Dumb
4. Know Thyself
5. Passion’s Slaves
6. The Master Aptitude
7. The Roots ... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
de614c50add1-0 | PART FOUR
WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY
12. The Family Crucible
13. Trauma and Emotional Relearning
14. Temperament Is Not Destiny
PART FIVE
EMOTIONAL LITERACY
15. The Cost of Emotional Illiteracy
16. Schooling the Emotions
Appendix A: What Is Emotion?
Appendix B: Hallmarks of the Emotional Mind
Appendix C: The Neural Circuit... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
37f580cce221-0 | Introduction
OceanofPDF.com
Tenth Anniversary Edition of
Emotional Intelligence
In 1990, in my role as a science reporter at
The New York Times
, I
chanced upon an article in a small academic journal by two
psychologists, John Mayer, now at the University of New Hampshire,
and Yale’s Peter Salovey. Mayer and Salovey ... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
37f580cce221-1 | I remember having the thought, just before this book was published
ten years ago, that if one day I overheard a conversation in which two
strangers used the phrase
emotional intelligence
and both understood
what it meant, I would have succeeded in spreading the concept more
widely into the culture. Little did I know.... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
587deab78649-0 | German and Portuguese, Chinese, Korean, and Malay. (Even so, I
prefer
EI
as the English abbreviation for
emotional intelligence.
) My e-
mail inbox often contains queries from, for example, a doctoral
student in Bulgaria, a schoolteacher in Poland, a college student in
Indonesia, a business consultant in South Afric... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
587deab78649-1 | language, so too should they master these essential skills for living.
In Illinois, for instance, specific learning standards in SEL abilities
have been established for every grade from kindergarten through the
last year of high school. To give just one example of a remarkably
detailed and comprehensive curriculum, in ... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
587deab78649-2 | a statement of ten basic principles for implementing SEL to the | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
04d881830541-0 | ministries of education in 140 countries.
In some states and nations SEL has become the organizing umbrella
under which are gathered programs in character education, violence
prevention, antibullying, drug prevention, and school discipline. The
goal is not just to reduce these problems among schoolchildren but to
enhan... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
04d881830541-1 | The data show that SEL programs yielded a strong benefit in
academic accomplishment, as demonstrated in achievement test
results and grade-point averages. In participating schools, up to 50
percent of children showed improved achievement scores, and up to
38 percent improved their grade-point averages. SEL programs als... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
bcaca4e17551-0 | in SEL, reports not only that this program for elementary school
students boosts academic achievement but, even more significantly,
that much of the increased learning can be attributed to
improvements in attention and working memory, key functions of the
prefrontal cortex.
2
This strongly suggests that neuroplasticit... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
bcaca4e17551-1 | the federal government to American Express.
Today companies worldwide routinely look through the lens of EI in
hiring, promoting, and developing their employees. For instance,
Johnson & Johnson (another CREIO member) found that in divisions
around the world, those identified at midcareer as having high
leadership poten... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
3d58e32636b5-0 | professors and others not counted in that database.
3
The growth of this area of scholarship owes much to Mayer and
Salovey, who, along with their colleague David Caruso, a business
consultant, have worked tirelessly on behalf of the scientific
acceptance of emotional intelligence. By formulating a scientifically
defen... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
3d58e32636b5-1 | Thomas Kuhn, should become progressively revised and refined as
more stringent tests of its premises are made. That process seems well
under way for EI.
There are by now three main models of EI, with dozens of
variations. Each represents a different perspective. That of Salovey
and Mayer rests firmly in the tradition o... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
1ede2a861928-0 | we must seek other factors to explain the rest. It does
not
mean,
however, that emotional intelligence represents the rest of the factors
in success: they certainly include a very wide range of forces—from
the wealth and education of the
family we are born into, to
temperament, to blind luck and the like—in addition... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
1ede2a861928-1 | skills than purely cognitive abilities.
As it happens, some of these circumscribed realms are of major
importance in our lives. One that comes to mind is health (as detailed
in
Chapter 11
), to the extent that disturbing emotions and toxic
relationships have been identified as risk factors in disease. Those
who can ma... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
5790d62fdb6b-0 | shown that IQ predicts which career rungs a person can manage. No
question there.
But IQ washes out when it comes to predicting who, among a
talented pool of candidates
within
an intellectually demanding
profession, will become the strongest leader. In part this is because of
the “floor effect”: everyone at the top e... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
5790d62fdb6b-1 | Primal
Leadership: Learning to Lead with Emotional Intelligence
(coauthored
with Richard Boyatzis and Annie McKee). At the very highest levels,
competence models for leadership typically consist of anywhere from
80 to 100 percent EI-based abilities. As the head of research at a
global executive search firm put it, “CE... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6098380f4c48-0 | While our emotional
intelligence
determines our potential for
learning the fundamentals of self-mastery and the like, our emotional
competence
shows how much of that potential we have mastered in
ways that translate into on-the-job capabilities. To be adept at an
emotional competence like customer service or teamwor... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6098380f4c48-1 | to
Primal Leadership
.)
In 1995 I reported data from a nationwide, demographically
representative sample of more than three thousand children aged
seven to sixteen, rated by their parents and teachers, showing that
over the decade or so between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s,
indicators of emotional well-being among Amer... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
f730bcc0e3c0-0 | unintended victims of economic and technological progress, deskilled
in EI because their parents spend more time at work than in previous
generations, because increased mobility has cut ties to extended
family, and because “free” time has become so structured and
overorganized. After all, emotional intelligence has tra... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
f730bcc0e3c0-1 | has done these studies, hypothesizes that the economic boom of the
1990s lifted children as well as adults; more jobs and less crime meant
better childrearing. Should there be another major economic
recession, he suggests, we would see another decline in this measure
of children’s skills for life. That may well be; onl... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
88a5d5d9fe58-0 | their lives would improve, and their communities would be safer.
I’d also like to see the scope of thinking about emotional
intelligence itself expand, leaping from a focus on capacities within
the individual to a focus on what emerges when people interact,
whether one on one or in larger groups. Some research, notably... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
db18a952dc7d-0 | Aristotle’s Challenge
Anyone can become angry—that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right
degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way—that is not easy
.
A
RISTOTLE
,
The Nichomachean Ethics
It was an unbearably steamy August afternoon in New York City, the
kind of sweat... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
db18a952dc7d-1 | that cinema down the block? His delight in the rich possibilities the
city offered was infectious. By the time people got off the bus, each in
turn had shaken off the sullen shell they had entered with, and when
the driver shouted out a “So long, have a great day!” each gave a
smiling response.
The memory of that encou... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6fc4fc4b8297-0 | • At a local school, a nine-year-old goes on a rampage, pouring
paint over school desks, computers, and printers, and vandalizing a
car in the school parking lot. The reason: some third-grade classmates
called him a “baby” and he wanted to impress them.
• Eight youngsters are wounded when an inadvertent bump in a
crowd... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6fc4fc4b8297-1 | of failing to hold jobs, of drinking, of blaming his hard luck on
foreigners. In a barely audible voice, he pleads, “I can’t stop being
sorry for what we’ve done, and I am infinitely ashamed.”
Each day’s news comes to us rife with such reports of the
disintegration of civility and safety, an onslaught of mean-spirited
... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6fc4fc4b8297-2 | read in numbers showing a jump in depression around the world, and
in the reminders of a surging
tide of aggression—teens with guns in
schools, freeway mishaps ending in shootings, disgruntled ex- | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
de685ee7b22a-0 | employees massacring former fellow workers.
Emotional abuse, drive-
by shooting
, and
post-traumatic stress
all entered the common lexicon
over the last decade, as the slogan of the hour shifted from the cheery
“Have a nice day” to the testiness of “Make my day.”
This book is a guide to making sense of the senseless... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
de685ee7b22a-1 | lets us understand more clearly than ever how the brain’s centers for
emotion move us to rage or to tears, and how more ancient parts of
the brain, which stir us to make war as well as love, are channeled for
better or worse. This unprecedented clarity on the workings of
emotions and their failings brings into focus so... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
9a19e5e10327-0 | changed by life experience, and that our destiny in life is largely fixed
by
these aptitudes. That argument ignores the more challenging
question: What
can
we change that will help our children fare better
in life? What factors are at play, for example, when people of high IQ
flounder and those of modest IQ do surpr... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
9a19e5e10327-1 | seed of all impulse is a feeling bursting to express itself in action.
Those who are at the mercy of impulse—who lack self-control—suffer
a moral deficiency: The ability to control impulse is the base of will
and character. By the same token, the root of altruism lies in empathy,
the ability to read emotions in others;... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
27691be9aae0-0 | brain’s emotional architecture that offer an explanation of those most
baffling moments in our lives when feeling overwhelms all rationality.
Understanding
the interplay of brain structures that rule our moments
of rage and fear—or passion and joy—reveals much about how we
learn the emotional habits that can undermine... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
27691be9aae0-1 | Part Three
examines
some key differences this aptitude makes: how these abilities can
preserve our most prized relationships, or their lack corrode them;
how the market forces that are reshaping our worklife are putting an
unprecedented premium on emotional intelligence for on-the-job
success; and how toxic emotions p... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
27691be9aae0-2 | documents how pioneering schools are teaching children the
emotional and social skills they need to keep their lives on track. | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
e1ee6cdc8287-0 | Perhaps the most disturbing single piece of data in this book comes
from a massive survey of parents and teachers and shows a worldwide
trend for the present generation of children to be more troubled
emotionally
than the last: more lonely and depressed, more angry and
unruly, more nervous and prone to worry, more imp... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
e1ee6cdc8287-1 | have wisdom; they guide our thinking, our values, our survival. But
they can easily go awry, and do so all too often. As Aristotle saw, the
problem is not with emotionality, but with the
appropriateness
of
emotion and its expression. The question is, how can we bring
intelligence to our emotions—and civility to our s... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
354534819660-0 | PART ONE
THE
EMOTIONAL
BRAIN | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
7a240b8215ec-0 | 1
What Are Emotions For?
It is with the heart that one sees rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye
.
A
NTOINE DE
S
AINT
-E
XUPÉRY
,
The Little Prince
Ponder the last moments of Gary and Mary Jane Chauncey, a couple
completely devoted to their eleven-year-old daughter Andrea, who
was confined to a wheelchai... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
7a240b8215ec-1 | 2
Seen from the perspective of evolutionary biologists, such parental
self-sacrifice is in the service of “reproductive success” in passing on
one’s genes to future generations. But from the perspective of a parent
making a desperate decision in a moment of crisis, it is about nothing
other than love.
As an insight int... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
338f92fdcd96-0 | choice to make.
Sociobiologists point to the preeminence of heart over head at such
crucial moments when they conjecture about why evolution has given
emotion such a central role in the human psyche. Our emotions, they
say, guide us in facing predicaments and tasks too important to leave
to intellect alone—danger, pain... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
338f92fdcd96-1 | have gone too far in emphasizing the value and import of the purely
rational—of what IQ measures—in human life. For better or worse,
intelligence can come to nothing when the emotions hold sway.
WHEN PASSIONS OVERWHELM REASON
It was a tragedy of errors. Fourteen-year-old Matilda Crabtree was just
playing a practical jo... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
b794d85549e4-0 | daughter’s voice. Automatic reactions of this sort have become etched
in our nervous system, evolutionary biologists presume, because for a
long and crucial period in human prehistory they made the difference
between survival and death. Even more important, they mattered for
the main task of evolution: being able to be... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
b794d85549e4-1 | architecture of mental life. In terms of biological design for the basic
neural circuitry of emotion, what we are born with is what worked
best for the last 50,000 human generations, not the last 500
generations—and certainly not the last five. The slow, deliberate
forces of evolution that have shaped our emotions have... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
b794d85549e4-2 | few lengths
ahead of me. As I peered ahead I couldn’t make out | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
415af1b6ff8b-0 | anything; the swirling snow was now a blinding whiteness. Pressing
my foot on the brake, I could feel anxiety flood my body and hear the
thumping of my heart.
The anxiety built to full fear: I pulled over to the side of the road,
waiting for the flurry to pass. A half hour later the snow stopped,
visibility returned, a... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
415af1b6ff8b-1 | in every emotion. That emotions lead to actions is most obvious in
watching animals or children; it is only in “civilized” adults we so
often find the great anomaly in the animal kingdom, emotions—root
impulses to act—divorced from obvious reaction.
6
In our emotional repertoire each emotion plays a unique role, as
rev... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
415af1b6ff8b-2 | allowing time to gauge whether hiding might be a better reaction.
Circuits in the brain’s emotional centers trigger a flood of hormones | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
84e3b8febaed-0 | that put the body on general alert, making it edgy and ready for
action, and attention fixates on the threat at hand, the better to
evaluate what response to make.
• Among the main biological changes in
happiness
is an increased
activity in a brain center that inhibits negative feelings and fosters an
increase in
av... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
84e3b8febaed-1 | This offers more information about the unexpected event, making it
easier to figure out exactly what is going on and concoct the best plan
for action.
• Around the world an expression of
disgust
looks the same, and
sends the identical message: something is offensive in taste or smell,
or metaphorically so. The facial... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
eae7dffca4b0-0 | experience and our culture. For instance, universally the loss of a
loved one elicits sadness and grief. But how we show our grieving—
how emotions are displayed or held back for private moments—is
molded by culture, as are which particular people in our lives fall into
the category of “loved ones” to be mourned.
The p... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
eae7dffca4b0-1 | parts of our emotional repertoire. While in the ancient past a hair-
trigger anger may have offered a crucial edge for survival, the
availability of automatic weaponry to thirteen-year-olds has made it
too often a disastrous reaction.
8
Our Two
Minds
A friend was telling me about her divorce, a painful separation. Her... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
eae7dffca4b0-2 | real sense we have two minds, one that thinks and one that feels.
These two fundamentally different ways of knowing interact to | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
0b406e76c0b4-0 | construct our mental life. One, the rational mind, is the mode of
comprehension we are typically conscious of: more prominent in
awareness, thoughtful, able to ponder and reflect. But alongside that
there is another system of knowing: impulsive and powerful, if
sometimes illogical—the emotional mind. (For a more detail... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
0b406e76c0b4-1 | knowing to guide us through the world. Ordinarily there is a balance
between emotional and rational minds, with emotion feeding into and
informing the operations of the rational mind, and the rational mind
refining and sometimes vetoing the inputs of the emotions. Still, the
emotional and rational minds are semi-indepe... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
0b406e76c0b4-2 | herself hoarse, repeating formulas of virtue, while the other two bid her go hang
herself, and are increasingly noisy and offensive, until at last their Ruler is exhausted, | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
82eddcc09d27-0 | gives up, and surrenders.
HOW THE BRAIN GREW
To better grasp the potent hold of the emotions on the thinking mind
—and why feeling and reason are so readily at war—consider how the
brain evolved. Human brains, with their three pounds or so of cells
and neural juices, are about triple the size of those in our nearest
co... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
82eddcc09d27-1 | the threat of an attack.
From the most primitive root, the brainstem, emerged the
emotional centers. Millions of years later in evolution, from these
emotional areas evolved the thinking brain or “neocortex,” the great
bulb of convoluted tissues that make up the top layers. The fact that
the thinking brain grew from th... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
d14a7047aa46-0 | composed of little more than thin layers of neurons gathered to
analyze smell. One layer of cells took in what was smelled and sorted
it out into the relevant categories: edible or toxic, sexually available,
enemy or meal. A second layer of cells sent reflexive messages
throughout the nervous system telling the body wh... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
d14a7047aa46-1 | to adapt to
changing demands rather than having invariable and
automatic reactions. If a food led to sickness, it could be avoided next
time. Decisions like knowing what to eat and what to spurn were still
determined largely through smell; the connections between the
olfactory bulb and the limbic system now took on th... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
d14a7047aa46-2 | seat of thought; it contains the centers that put together and
comprehend what the senses perceive. It adds to a feeling what we
think about it—and allows us to have feelings about ideas, art,
symbols, imaginings. | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
8e3ae93e9ccb-0 | In evolution the neocortex allowed a judicious fine-tuning that no
doubt has made enormous advantages in an organism’s ability to
survive adversity, making it more likely that its progeny would in turn
pass on the genes that contain that same neural circuitry. The survival
edge is due to the neocortex’s talent for stra... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
8e3ae93e9ccb-1 | continues to develop.
As we proceed up the phylogenetic scale from reptile to rhesus to
human, the sheer mass of the neocortex increases; with that increase
comes a
geometrie rise in the interconnections in brain circuitry. The
larger the number of such connections, the greater the range of
possible responses. The neo... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
8e3ae93e9ccb-2 | scope of the limbic area, the emotional brain plays a crucial role in
neural architecture. As the root from which the newer brain grew, the
emotional areas are intertwined via myriad connecting circuits to all | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
93cc67446916-0 | parts of the neocortex. This gives the emotional centers immense
power to influence the functioning of the rest of the brain—including
its centers for thought. | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6d0cf2e31db1-0 | 2
Anatomy of an Emotional Hijacking
Life is a comedy for those who think and a tragedy for those who feel
.
H
ORACE
W
ALPOLE
It was a hot August afternoon in 1963, the same day that the Rev.
Martin Luther King, Jr., gave his “I Have a Dream” speech to a civil
rights march on Washington. On that day Richard Robles, a s... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6d0cf2e31db1-1 | up. As he was leaving, Hoffert came home. To make good his escape,
Robles began to tie her up, too.
As Robles tells the tale years later, while he was tying up Hoffert,
Janice Wylie warned him he would not get away with this crime: She
would remember his face and help the police track him down. Robles,
who had promised... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
c92356896ac5-0 | Such emotional explosions are neural hijackings. At those moments,
evidence suggests, a center in the limbic brain proclaims an
emergency, recruiting the rest of the brain to its urgent agenda. The
hijacking occurs in an instant, triggering this reaction crucial
moments before the neocortex, the thinking brain, has had... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
c92356896ac5-1 | someone as so uproarious that their laughter is almost explosive, that,
too, is a limbic response. It is at work also in moments of intense joy:
When Dan Jansen, after several heartbreaking failures to capture an
Olympic Gold Medal for speed skating (which he had vowed to do for
his dying sister), finally won the Gold ... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
866fdd921b28-0 | most of the brain’s learning and remembering; the amygdala is the
specialist for emotional matters. If the amygdala is severed from the
rest of the brain, the result is a striking inability to gauge the
emotional significance of events; this condition is sometimes called
“affective blindness.”
Lacking emotional weight,... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
866fdd921b28-1 | sense of their place in their kind’s social order; emotion is blunted or
absent. Tears, an emotional signal unique to humans, are triggered by
the amygdala and a nearby structure, the cingulate gyrus; being held,
stroked, or otherwise comforted soothes these same brain regions,
stopping the sobs. Without an amygdala, t... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
866fdd921b28-2 | to a decision.
As we shall see, the workings of the amygdala and its interplay with
the neocortex are at the heart of emotional intelligence. | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
a80e9938d71a-0 | THE NEURAL TRIPWIRE
Most intriguing for understanding the power of emotions in mental
life are those moments of impassioned action that we later regret,
once the dust has settled; the question is how we so easily become so
irrational. Take, for example, a young woman who drove two hours to
Boston to have brunch and spe... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
a80e9938d71a-1 | experience for trouble. This puts the amygdala in a powerful post in
mental life, something like a psychological sentinel, challenging every
situation, every perception, with but one kind of question in mind, the
most primitive: “Is this something I hate? That hurts me? Something I
fear?” If so—if the moment at hand so... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
a80e9938d71a-2 | the brainstem to fix the face in a fearful expression,
freeze unrelated
movements the muscles had underway, speed heart rate and raise
blood pressure, slow breathing. Others rivet attention on the source of | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
b31f26f9b7c5-0 | the fear, and prepare the muscles to react accordingly.
Simultaneously, cortical memory systems are shuffled to retrieve any
knowledge relevant to the emergency at hand, taking precedence over
other strands of thought.
And these are just part of a carefully coordinated array of changes
the amygdala orchestrates as it c... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
b31f26f9b7c5-1 | answer, very likely, was his amygdala.
In one of the most telling discoveries about emotions of the last
decade, LeDoux’s work revealed how the architecture of the brain
gives the amygdala a privileged position as an emotional sentinel,
able to hijack the brain.
5
His research has shown that sensory signals
from eye o... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
1a5db9095e2f-0 | and other sensory organs transmit signals to the thalamus, and from
there to
sensory processing areas of the neocortex, where the signals
are put together into objects as we perceive them. The signals are
sorted for meanings so that the brain recognizes what each object is
and what its presence means. From the neocort... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
1a5db9095e2f-1 | us spring to action while the slightly slower—but more fully informed
—neocortex unfolds its more refined plan for reaction.
LeDoux overturned the prevailing wisdom about the pathways
traveled by emotions through his research on fear in animals. In a
crucial experiment he destroyed the auditory cortex of rats, then
exp... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
1a5db9095e2f-2 | repository for emotional impressions and memories that we have
never known about in full awareness. LeDoux proposes that it is the | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
47762ac2fdb1-0 | amygdala’s subterranean role in memory that explains, for example, a
startling experiment in which people acquired a preference for oddly
shaped
geometric figures that had been flashed at them so quickly
that they had no conscious awareness of having seen them at all!
6
A visual signal first goes from the retina to th... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
47762ac2fdb1-1 | 7
Our emotions have a mind of their own, one
which can hold views quite independently of our rational mind. | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
60beb31aa2fc-0 | THE SPECIALIST IN EMOTIONAL MEMORY
Those unconscious opinions are emotional memories; their storehouse
is the amygdala. Research by LeDoux and other neuroscientists now
seems to suggest that the hippocampus, which has long been
considered the key structure of the limbic system, is more involved in
registering and makin... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
60beb31aa2fc-1 | recognizing a face as that of your cousin. But it is the amygdala that
adds you don’t really like her.”
The brain uses a simple but cunning method to make emotional
memories register with special potency: the very same neurochemical
alerting systems that prime the body to react to life-threatening
emergencies by fighti... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
60beb31aa2fc-2 | are more likely, for example, to remember where we went on a first
date, or what we were doing when we heard the news that the space | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
a14f5bb1966d-0 | shuttle
Challenger
had exploded. The more intense the amygdala
arousal, the stronger the imprint; the experiences that scare or thrill
us the most in life are among our most indelible memories. This
means that, in effect, the brain has two memory systems, one for
ordinary facts and one for emotionally charged ones. A... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
a14f5bb1966d-1 | response to events perhaps only dimly similar, but close enough to
alarm the amygdala.
Thus a former army nurse, traumatized by the relentless flood of
ghastly wounds she once tended in wartime, is suddenly swept with a
mix of dread, loathing, and panic—a repeat of her battlefield reaction
triggered once again, years l... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
cfc4aad94ea8-0 | particularly the hippocampus, which is crucial for narrative
memories, and the neocortex, seat of rational thought, have yet to
become fully developed. In memory, the amygdala and hippocampus
work hand-in-hand; each stores and retrieves its special information
independently. While the hippocampus retrieves information,... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
cfc4aad94ea8-1 | experience, when these emotional memories are triggered in later life
there is no matching set of articulated thoughts about the response
that takes us over. One reason we can be so baffled by our emotional
outbursts, then, is that they often date from a time early in our lives
when things were bewildering and we did n... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
cfc4aad94ea8-2 | there was no attic. The ceiling was intact, and so was I.
My leap from bed while half-asleep—which might have saved me
from injury had it truly been the ceiling falling—illustrates the power | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6b194fbef756-0 | of the amygdala to propel us to action in emergencies, vital moments
before the neocortex has time to fully register what is actually going
on. The emergency route from eye or ear to thalamus to amygdala is
crucial: it saves time in an emergency, when an instantaneous
response is required. But this circuit from thalamu... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6b194fbef756-1 | critical milliseconds in reaction time to dangers. Those milliseconds
could well have saved the lives of our protomammalian ancestors in
such numbers that this arrangement is now featured in every
mammalian brain, including yours and mine. In fact, while this circuit
may play a relatively limited role in human mental l... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
6b194fbef756-2 | of six dinners when she glimpsed a woman with a huge,
curly mane of
red hair—exactly like the woman her ex-husband had left her for.)
Such inchoate emotional mistakes are based on feeling prior to
thought. LeDoux calls it “precognitive emotion,” a reaction based on | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
74bef1ea8a35-0 | neural bits and pieces of sensory information that have not been fully
sorted out and integrated into a recognizable object. It’s a very raw
form of sensory information, something like a neural
Name That Tune
,
where, instead of snap judgments of melody being made on the basis
of just a few notes, a whole perception i... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
74bef1ea8a35-1 | midnight that night, as she was getting ready for bed and heard the
phone ring. Dropping her toothbrush, she raced to the phone, her
heart pounding, images of Jessica in terrible distress racing through
her mind.
The mother snatched the receiver, and blurted, “Jessica!” into the
phone—only to hear a woman’s voice say, ... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
591a6d1e6c56-0 | appropriate response to our emotional impulses, modulating the
amygdala and other limbic areas.
Ordinarily the prefrontal areas govern our emotional reactions from
the start. The largest projection of sensory information from the
thalamus, remember, goes not to the amygdala, but to the neocortex
and its many centers fo... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
591a6d1e6c56-1 | 11
For
animals, when to attack, when to run. And for we humans … when to
attack, when to run—and also, when to placate, persuade, seek
sympathy, stonewall, provoke guilt, whine, put on a facade of
bravado, be contemptuous—and so on, through the whole repertoire
of emotional wiles.
The neocortical response is slower in... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
591a6d1e6c56-2 | prefrontal lobes or otherwise cut connections between the prefrontal
cortex and the lower brain. In the days before any effective
medications for mental illness, the lobotomy was hailed as the answer | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
b543f8387c41-0 | to
grave emotional distress—sever the links between the prefrontal
lobes and the rest of the brain, and patients’ distress was “relieved.”
Unfortunately, the cost was that most of patients’ emotional lives
seemed to vanish, too. The key circuitry had been destroyed.
Emotional hijackings presumably involve two dynamics... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
b543f8387c41-1 | unpleasant emotions. The right prefrontal lobes are a seat of negative
feelings like fear and aggression, while the left lobes keep those raw
emotions in check, probably by inhibiting the right lobe.
14
In one
group of stroke patients, for example, those whose lesions were in the
left prefrontal cortex were prone to c... | emotional_intelligence.pdf |
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