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5a82325a31013a001a3352c3
Turner_Classic_Movies
In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner acquired the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio for $1.5 billion. Concerns over Turner Entertainment's corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less th...
How much did Ted Turner pay for UA?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner acquired the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film stud...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
573057502461fd1900a9cd7b
Swaziland
The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reache...
What would the end of umchwasho be marked with?
{ "text": [ "dancing and feasting" ], "answer_start": [ 410 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old \"umchwasho\" custom. In \"umchwasho\", all young girls were ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
56d4f6e02ccc5a1400d8339e
Beyoncé
In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon. In January 2008, Starwave Mobile launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a "high-style" mobile game with a social networking component, featuring the House of Deréon collection. In July 2009, Beyoncé and her moth...
What company did Beyoncé get together with in 2005 to add shoes to her fashions?
{ "text": [ "House of Brands" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat company did Beyoncé get together with in 2005 to add shoes to her fashions?\n\nIn 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with H...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5ad4a0cbba00c4001a268e59
Windows_8
Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's table...
What doesn't Strategy Analytics say Windows tablets are lacking?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What doesn't Strategy Analytics say Windows tablets are lacking?\n\nWindows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
5aced94e32bba1001ae4b74e
United_States_Army
The army's most common vehicle is the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly called the Humvee, which is capable of serving as a cargo/troop carrier, weapons platform, and ambulance, among many other roles. While they operate a wide variety of combat support vehicles, one of the most common types ...
What is the HMMWA also known as?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What is the HMMWA also known as?\n\nThe army's most common vehicle is the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
5ad16800645df0001a2d1a04
Electric_motor
Doubly fed electric motors have two independent multiphase winding sets, which contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process, with at least one of the winding sets electronically controlled for variable speed operation. Two independent multiphase winding sets (i.e., dual armature) are the max...
What is one of the dependent multiphase winding sets configured for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nDoubly fed electric motors have two independent multiphase winding sets, which contribute active (i.e., ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
56e1753fcd28a01900c6796b
Boston
With nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to work, Boston has the fifth-highest rate of public transit usage in the country. Boston's subway system, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA—known as the "T") operates the oldest underground rapid transit system in the Americas,...
How long is bostons subway system?
{ "text": [ "65.5 miles" ], "answer_start": [ 389 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nHow long is bostons subway system?\n\nWith nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to wor...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
56f8d9209e9bad19000a05ed
Southampton
Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services.
To take a train to Southampton Airport, what railway station would you need to go through?
{ "text": [ "Southampton Airport (Parkway)" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nSouthampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
5ad17ec0645df0001a2d1e42
Queen_Victoria
In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black. On 25 January, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her body into the coffin. She was dressed in a white dress ...
What color wasn't her dress?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
573247b5e99e3014001e6637
Protestantism
There are also Christian movements which cross denominational lines and even branches, and cannot be classified on the same level previously mentioned forms. Evangelicalism is a prominent example. Some of those movements are active exclusively within Protestantism, some are Christian-wide. Transdenominational movements...
Name a sub-group of the Charismatic Movement.
{ "text": [ "Neo-charismatic churches" ], "answer_start": [ 549 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThere are also Christian movements which cross denominational lines and even branches, and cannot be classified on the same level pre...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
57313fb0497a881900248ce4
Light-emitting_diode
The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am...
What feature do most LED fixtures need to have?
{ "text": [ "a power converter" ], "answer_start": [ 659 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What feature do most LED fixtures need to have?\n\nThe current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diode...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5727d399ff5b5019007d9639
Gramophone_record
The normal commercial disc is engraved with two sound-bearing concentric spiral grooves, one on each side, running from the outside edge towards the center. The last part of the spiral meets an earlier part to form a circle. The sound is encoded by fine variations in the edges of the groove that cause a stylus (needle)...
Do all grooves bear data?
{ "text": [ "no" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Do all grooves bear data?\n\nThe normal commercial disc is engraved with two sound-bearing concentric spiral grooves, one on each side, runni...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5727cb3f2ca10214002d966f
Gramophone_record
Also in the late 1970s, "direct-to-disc" records were produced, aimed at an audiophile niche market. These completely bypassed the use of magnetic tape in favor of a "purist" transcription directly to the master lacquer disc. Also during this period, half-speed mastered and "original master" records were released, usin...
What were direct to disc recordings expected to product?
{ "text": [ "a \"purist\" transcription" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nAlso in the late 1970s, \"direct-to-disc\" records were produced, aimed at an audiophile niche market. These completely bypassed th...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
572bfa0f750c471900ed4c56
God
There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one "true" Supreme Being and Creator of the Univ...
What was the first monotheistic religion?
{ "text": [ "Atenism" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What was the first monotheistic religion?\n\nThere are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cu...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
5728671d3acd2414000df99c
Alaska
The Aleutian Islands are still home to the Aleut people's seafaring society, although they were the first Native Alaskans to be exploited by Russians. Western and Southwestern Alaska are home to the Yup'ik, while their cousins the Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq lived in what is now Southcentral Alaska. The Gwich'in people of the no...
The Inuplat population inhabit what areas?
{ "text": [ "The North Slope and Little Diomede Island" ], "answer_start": [ 479 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe Aleutian Islands are still home to the Aleut people's seafaring society, although they were the firs...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dad
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ...
Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office?
{ "text": [ "Justice" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office?\n\nEisenhower told District of Columbia ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
56e1506ee3433e1400422da6
Universal_Studios
Universal's forays into high-quality production spelled the end of the Laemmle era at the studio. Taking on the task of modernizing and upgrading a film conglomerate in the depths of the depression was risky, and for a time Universal slipped into receivership. The theater chain was scrapped, but Carl, Jr. held fast to ...
What part of Universal's business was terminated while it was in bankruptcy?
{ "text": [ "The theater chain" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nUniversal's forays into high-quality production spelled the end of the Laemmle era at the studio. Taking on the task o...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5ad20bdbd7d075001a428257
Mandolin
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more press...
What is the most uncommon soundboard shape?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\n What is the most uncommon soundboard shape?\n\nMuch of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandol...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
56dff0b1231d4119001abed2
Pub
The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: An Innkeeper's Diary (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). During his idiosyncratic occupa...
In what county was the Swan Inn located?
{ "text": [ "Buckinghamshire" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' In what county was the Swan Inn located?\n\nThe highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire a...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
572fce07b2c2fd140056848d
San_Diego
The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sen...
Who was the harbor named for?
{ "text": [ "Catholic Saint Didacus" ], "answer_start": [ 487 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Who was the harbor named for?\n\nThe first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
5706939352bb891400689a95
Black_people
The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria in the Population Registration Act of 1945 to determine who belonged in which group. Minor officials administered tests to enforce the classifications. When it was unclear from a person's physical appearance whether the individual should be consid...
What test was used to determine if someone was coloured or black?
{ "text": [ "pencil test" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria in the Population Registration Act of 1945 to determine w...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
570c5d56b3d812140066d193
John,_King_of_England
The king returned west but is said to have lost a significant part of his baggage train along the way. Roger of Wendover provides the most graphic account of this, suggesting that the king's belongings, including the Crown Jewels, were lost as he crossed one of the tidal estuaries which empties into the Wash, being suc...
When were the Crown Jewels lost?
{ "text": [ "as he crossed one of the tidal estuaries" ], "answer_start": [ 241 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe king returned west but is said to have lost a significant part of his baggage train along the way. Roger of Wendover provides the most...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5728a88d4b864d1900164ba5
Brigham_Young_University
BYU's social and cultural atmosphere is unique. The high rate of enrollment at the university by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (more than 98 percent) results in an amplification of LDS cultural norms; BYU was ranked by The Princeton Review in 2008 as 14th in the nation for having the happie...
What parts of the sometimes "too nice" BYU culture is often caricatured?
{ "text": [ "marrying early and being very conservative" ], "answer_start": [ 465 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What parts of the sometimes \"too nice\" BYU culture is often caricatured?\n\nBYU's social and cultural atmosphere is unique...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
570c4d76fed7b91900d4587c
John,_King_of_England
Although John was the Count of Poitou and therefore the rightful feudal lord over the Lusignans, they could legitimately appeal John's actions in France to his own feudal lord, Philip. Hugh did exactly this in 1201 and Philip summoned John to attend court in Paris in 1202, citing the Le Goulet treaty to strengthen his ...
What was John summoned as?
{ "text": [ "Count of Poitou" ], "answer_start": [ 659 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What was John summoned as?\n\nAlthough John was the Count of Poitou and therefore the rightful feudal lord over the Lusig...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
57279399708984140094e15f
Turner_Classic_Movies
In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a...
What month and year saw the introduction of the TCM Wineclub?
{ "text": [ "October 2015" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nIn October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite t...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
572883f82ca10214002da436
History_of_India
The Pala Empire (Bengali: পাল সাম্রাজ্য Pal Samrajyô) flourished during the Classical period of India, and may be dated during 750–1174 CE. Founded by Gopala I, it was ruled by a Buddhist dynasty from Bengal in the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent. Though the Palas were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric sc...
What is the term used to describe the Pala Empire?
{ "text": [ "golden era of Bengal" ], "answer_start": [ 711 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What is the term used to describe the Pala Empire?\n\nThe Pala Empire (Bengali: পাল সাম্রাজ্য Pal Samrajyô) flourished during the Classi...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
56f9409c9b226e1400dd12c6
List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan
Heading east, 27th Street passes through Chelsea Park between Tenth and Ninth Avenues, with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) on the corner of Eighth. On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass ...
The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue?
{ "text": [ "Eighth" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue?\n\nHeading east, 27th Street passes through Ch...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5ad00fba77cf76001a686852
Copyright_infringement
In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a moderation system, aggregators of various kinds, such as news aggregators, universities, librar...
What examples provide actual information?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those prov...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
5727d8773acd2414000dedf4
Dominican_Order
Another who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is Albertus Magnus, the only person of the period to be given the appellation "Great". His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life. Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, spiritual writer, e...
Albert Magnus was also known as "Albert the what"?
{ "text": [ "Great" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Albert Magnus was also known as \"Albert the what\"?\n\nAnother who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is A...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5726efce708984140094d679
Predation
A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as ...
What are humans' primary competitors?
{ "text": [ "other humans" ], "answer_start": [ 794 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What are humans' primary competitors?\n\nA lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
5727ed31ff5b5019007d98b6
Tibet
Tibetan music often involves chanting in Tibetan or Sanskrit, as an integral part of the religion. These chants are complex, often recitations of sacred texts or in celebration of various festivals. Yang chanting, performed without metrical timing, is accompanied by resonant drums and low, sustained syllables. Other st...
What type of chanting is performed without metrical timing?
{ "text": [ "Yang" ], "answer_start": [ 199 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What type of chanting is performed without metrical timing?\n\nTibetan music often involves chanting in Tibetan or Sanskrit, as an ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5706a5bc75f01819005e7cc2
Bird_migration
The control of migration, its timing and response are genetically controlled and appear to be a primitive trait that is present even in non-migratory species of birds. The ability to navigate and orient themselves during migration is a much more complex phenomenon that may include both endogenous programs as well as le...
What is a primitive trait present even in non migrating birds?
{ "text": [ "migration" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat is a primitive trait present even in non migrating birds?\n\nThe control of migration, its timing and response are geneticall...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
56f954419b226e1400dd1330
Marshall_Islands
Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts.
Who first settled the Marshall Islands?
{ "text": [ "Micronesians" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWho first settled the Marshall Islands?\n\nMicronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historica...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
573349f34776f41900660800
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The term financial innovation refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve particular client objectives, such as offsetting a particular risk exposure (such as the default of a borrower) or to assist with obtaining financing. Examples pertinent to this crisis included: the adjustable-rate...
What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products?
{ "text": [ "financial innovation" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe term financial innovation refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve particular client objecti...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
5a6a42635ce1a5001a96977e
Liberal_Party_of_Australia
Socially, while liberty and freedom of enterprise form the basis of its beliefs, elements of the party have wavered between what is termed "small-l liberalism" and social conservatism. Historically, Liberal Governments have been responsible for the carriage of a number of notable "socially liberal" reforms, including t...
Who was a West Australian artist?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nSocially, while liberty and freedom of enterprise form the basis of its beliefs, elements of the party have wavered between what is...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
5726281438643c19005ad179
Greece
The process was completed in 27 BC when the Roman Emperor Augustus annexed the rest of Greece and constituted it as the senatorial province of Achaea. Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became heavily influenced by the achievements of Greek culture, hence Horace's famous statement: Graecia capta...
What Roman Emperor became the ruler of all of Greece?
{ "text": [ "Augustus" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe process was completed in 27 BC when the Roman Emperor Augustus annexed the rest of Greece and const...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
57272435f1498d1400e8f3ec
Crimean_War
Russia feared losing Russian America without compensation in some future conflict, especially to the British. While Alaska attracted little interest at the time, the population of nearby British Columbia started to increase rapidly a few years after hostilities ended. Therefore, the Russian emperor, Alexander II, decid...
Who made the call to sell Alaska?
{ "text": [ "Alexander II" ], "answer_start": [ 301 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Who made the call to sell Alaska?\n\nRussia feared losing Russian America without compensation in some future conflict, especially to th...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
5727c2564b864d1900163c9f
Galicia_(Spain)
In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with Solidaridad Gallega (1907–1912) modeled on Solidaritat Catalana in Catalonia. Solidaridad Gallega failed, but in 1916 Irmandades da Fala (Brotherhood of the Language) developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationali...
Which magazine advocated for Galician nationalism?
{ "text": [ "Nós" ], "answer_start": [ 440 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhich magazine advocated for Galician nationalism?\n\nIn the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
572b995234ae481900deaebf
New_Haven,_Connecticut
Grove Street Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark which lies adjacent to Yale's campus, contains the graves of Roger Sherman, Eli Whitney, Noah Webster, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Charles Goodyear and Walter Camp, among other notable burials. The cemetery is known for its grand Egyptian Revival gateway. The Union League C...
What is the name of the historical site that site next to Yale's campus?
{ "text": [ "Grove Street Cemetery" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat is the name of the historical site that site next to Yale's campus?\n\nGrove Street Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark which lie...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
57278dc7f1498d1400e8fbd9
Carnival
Carnival means weeks of events that bring colourfully decorated floats, contagiously throbbing music, luxuriously costumed groups of celebrants of all ages, King and Queen elections, electrifying jump-ups and torchlight parades, the Jouvert morning: the Children's Parades and finally the Grand Parade. Aruba's biggest c...
How long does Aruba's biggest celebration last?
{ "text": [ "a month" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: How long does Aruba's biggest celebration last?\n\nCarnival means weeks of events that bring colourfully decorated floats, c...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
572ca3ebf182dd1900d7c809
Law_of_the_United_States
Early on, American courts, even after the Revolution, often did cite contemporary English cases. This was because appellate decisions from many American courts were not regularly reported until the mid-19th century; lawyers and judges, as creatures of habit, used English legal materials to fill the gap. But citations t...
How many published volumes of American reports were released in 1810?
{ "text": [ "eighteen" ], "answer_start": [ 554 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' How many published volumes of American reports were released in 1810?\n\nEarly on, American courts, even after the Revolu...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5a513c27ce860b001aa3fc57
States_of_Germany
The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), B...
What was founded before World War II?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under Ame...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
570e68670dc6ce1900205035
Order_of_the_British_Empire
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises f...
Who is the recipient?
{ "text": [ "knight if male, or dame if female" ], "answer_start": [ 423 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the \"order of chivalry of British constitutional mona...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
5a711f1d0efcfe001a8afd5b
Pesticide
Pesticides are often referred to according to the type of pest they control. Pesticides can also be considered as either biodegradable pesticides, which will be broken down by microbes and other living beings into harmless compounds, or persistent pesticides, which may take months or years before they are broken down: ...
What is one way to classify birds?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nPesticides are often referred to according to the type of pest they control. Pesticides can also be considered as either biodegrad...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
571ab0c810f8ca14003052e9
Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Nonetheless, within a few years of his death, Gregory of Nazianzus called him the "Pillar of the Church". His writings were well regarded by all Church fathers who followed, in both the West and the East, who noted their rich devotion to the Word-become-man, great pastoral concern, and profound interest in monasticism....
What was he known as soon after he died?
{ "text": [ "Pillar of the Church" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What was he known as soon after he died?\n\nNonetheless, within a few years of his death, Gregory of Nazianzus called him the \"Pillar...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
5a651dd3c2b11c001a425c33
ASCII
The inherent ambiguity of many control characters, combined with their historical usage, created problems when transferring "plain text" files between systems. The best example of this is the newline problem on various operating systems. Teletype machines required that a line of text be terminated with both "Carriage R...
Why were problems created when beginning a line?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhy were problems created when beginning a line?\n\nThe inherent ambiguity of many control characters, combined with their historica...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
572f516fb2c2fd1400568016
Flowering_plant
The character of the seed coat bears a definite relation to that of the fruit. They protect the embryo and aid in dissemination; they may also directly promote germination. Among plants with indehiscent fruits, in general, the fruit provides protection for the embryo and secures dissemination. In this case, the seed co...
What does the seed coat protect?
{ "text": [ "embryo" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe character of the seed coat bears a definite relation to that of the fruit. They protect the embryo and aid in dissemination; th...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
57274d85dd62a815002e9ac4
Late_Middle_Ages
Though there is no doubt that the demographic crisis of the 14th century caused a dramatic fall in production and commerce in absolute terms, there has been a vigorous historical debate over whether the decline was greater than the fall in population. While the older orthodoxy held that the artistic output of the Renai...
What type of evidence is too incomplete for a decision to be made between the two theories of the Renaissance?
{ "text": [ "statistical" ], "answer_start": [ 519 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What type of evidence is too incomplete for a decision to be made between the two theories of the Renaissance?\n\nThough there is no dou...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
56f8bd719b226e1400dd0efa
Gene
In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm; for very long transcripts, translation may begin at the 5' end of the RNA while the 3' end is still being transcribed. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, where the cell's DNA is stored. The RNA molecule produced by the polymerase is known as the pr...
Where does a eukaryote store the cell's DNA?
{ "text": [ "in the nucleus" ], "answer_start": [ 210 ] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhere does a eukaryote store the cell's DNA?\n\nIn prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm; for very long transcripts, ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
5a70ba658abb0b001a676103
Xbox_360
Known during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue, Washington to r...
What Apple hardware did Alpha kits use after the launch of the Xbox 360?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What Apple hardware did Alpha kits use after the launch of the Xbox 360?\n\nKnown during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, X...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
573112da05b4da19006bcd46
United_States_Air_Force
Officers may be commissioned upon graduation from the United States Air Force Academy, upon graduation from another college or university through the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) program, or through the Air Force Officer Training School (OTS). OTS, previously located at Lackland AFB, Texas until 19...
Where is the OTS in the US currently located?
{ "text": [ "Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama" ], "answer_start": [ 338 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nOfficers may be commissioned upon graduation from the United States Air Force Academy, upon graduation from another co...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5725c085ec44d21400f3d4c6
Poultry
The domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago. This may have originally been as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds from eggs collected from the wild, but later involved keeping the birds permanently in captivity. Domesticated chickens may have been used for cockfighting at first an...
Has breeding changed the original characterictics of the animals ?
{ "text": [ "modern breeds often look very different from their wild ancestors." ], "answer_start": [ 557 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Has breeding changed the original characterictics of the animals ?\n\nThe domestication of poultry took place several tho...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
572825df2ca10214002d9f0b
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1964, Nasser called for an Arab League summit in Cairo to establish a unified Arab response against Israel's plans to divert the Jordan River's waters for economic purposes, which Syria and Jordan deemed an act of war. Nasser blamed Arab divisions for what he deemed "the disastrous situation". He discouraged...
What organization was formed as a result of the talks?
{ "text": [ "Palestine Liberation Organization" ], "answer_start": [ 704 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn January 1964, Nasser called for an Arab League summit in Cairo to establish a unified Arab response against Israel'...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
57295fc51d04691400779346
Palermo
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sar...
What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?
{ "text": [ "Byzantine Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 671 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nAs the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 A...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
56db7278e7c41114004b5123
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The coverage of the events by the media came under scrutiny during the relay. Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct in a number of ways from coverage elsewhere. Western reporters in Beijing have described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored (for example when Chinese media did not broadc...
What was under scrutiny?
{ "text": [ "media coverage" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe coverage of the events by the media came under scrutiny during the relay. Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been dist...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
5725d10a89a1e219009abf40
Israel
Israel's diverse culture stems from the diversity of its population: Jews from diaspora communities around the world have brought their cultural and religious traditions back with them, creating a melting pot of Jewish customs and beliefs. Israel is the only country in the world where life revolves around the Hebrew ca...
Where does Israel's diverse culture stem from?
{ "text": [ "diversity of its population" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIsrael's diverse culture stems from the diversity of its population: Jews from diaspora communities around the world have brought t...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
572a8d8e111d821400f38bed
Friedrich_Hayek
In 1932, Hayek suggested that private investment in the public markets was a better road to wealth and economic co-ordination in Britain than government spending programs, as argued in a letter he co-signed with Lionel Robbins and others in an exchange of letters with John Maynard Keynes in The Times. The nearly decade...
With whom did Hayek disagree with publicly?
{ "text": [ "John Maynard Keynes" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWith whom did Hayek disagree with publicly?\n\nIn 1932, Hayek suggested that private investment in the public markets was a better r...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
56e1be2acd28a01900c67b10
Catalan_language
Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generatio...
Who is less likely to believe that Catalan and Valencian are different?
{ "text": [ "younger generations" ], "answer_start": [ 303 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nDespite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 200...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
572ac956be1ee31400cb824c
John_Kerry
Kerry and his second wife, Mozambican-born businesswoman and philanthropist Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões Ferreira (known as Teresa), the widow of Kerry's late Pennsylvania Republican Senate colleague Henry John Heinz III, were introduced to each other by Heinz at an Earth Day rally in 1990. Early the following year, ...
What is Kerry's 2nd wife's nationality?
{ "text": [ "Mozambican" ], "answer_start": [ 27 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nKerry and his second wife, Mozambican-born businesswoman and philanthropist Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões Ferreira (k...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5ad0dde9645df0001a2d0722
Premier_League
The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons. The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997–98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons. The third contract was a £1.024 billion deal with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001–02 to 2003–04. The league brought in £320 mi...
How much was the third contract worth over a four season period?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons. The next contract, ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
572bf39cdfb02c14005c6afc
Tennessee
The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of th...
How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?
{ "text": [ "13" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?\n\nThe capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesbor...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
5726fec6dd62a815002e973f
Glacier
Glaciers form where the accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation. The area in which a glacier forms is called a cirque (corrie or cwm) - a typically armchair-shaped geological feature (such as a depression between mountains enclosed by arêtes) - which collects and compresses through gravity the snow which falls in...
How much ice and snow is minimally necessary to begin to slide on steep glaciers?
{ "text": [ "15 m (50 ft)" ], "answer_start": [ 855 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: How much ice and snow is minimally necessary to begin to slide on steep glaciers?\n\nGlaciers form where the accumulation of snow a...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5706398252bb89140068998e
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
"Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated...
Although "Superstorm Sandy" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?
{ "text": [ "flooding and power-outages" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nAlthough \"Superstorm Sandy\" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?\n\n\"Superstor...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
57279799708984140094e1b3
Switzerland
The cantons have a permanent constitutional status and, in comparison with the situation in other countries, a high degree of independence. Under the Federal Constitution, all 26 cantons are equal in status. Each canton has its own constitution, and its own parliament, government and courts. However, there are consider...
How large is the smallest canton?
{ "text": [ "37 km2 (14 sq mi) (Basel-Stadt)" ], "answer_start": [ 542 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe cantons have a permanent constitutional status and, in comparison with the situation in other count...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
572e85c9cb0c0d14000f124a
Steven_Spielberg
In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to a magazine interviewer, "My dad's still-camera was broken, so I asked the scoutmaster if I could tell a story with my father's movie...
How much money did Spielberg spend to film Close Encounters?
{ "text": [ "$500" ], "answer_start": [ 874 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' How much money did Spielberg spend to film Close Encounters?\n\nIn 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photo...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
5acfc64677cf76001a685e8b
Royal_assent
After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the ...
What text is sent to the House of Representatives if a law is not approved?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nAfter the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text \"The Second...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
5709867b200fba1400368145
Copper
The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion...
What is the metal composition of a US nickel?
{ "text": [ "75% copper and 25% nickel" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
5a8cdbcafd22b3001a8d8f5a
Memory
Another major way to distinguish different memory functions is whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or in the future, prospective memory. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory. In contrast, prospective memory is memory for ...
What is a inor way to distinguish different memory functions?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What is a inor way to distinguish different memory functions?\n\nAnother major way to distinguish different memory functions is whe...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
570a604f6d058f1900182df0
Emotion
In the late 19th century, the most influential theorists were William James (1842–1910) and Carl Lange (1834–1900). James was an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote about educational psychology, psychology of religious experience/mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism. Lange was a Danish physician and ...
In what year did Lange die?
{ "text": [ "1900" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' In what year did Lange die?\n\nIn the late 19th century, the most influential theorists were William James (1842–1910) and Carl Lange (1...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a9
Gregorian_calendar
The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas...
To what astrological date was Easter tied?
{ "text": [ "spring equinox" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of t...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
56f868b4a6d7ea1400e175e4
Southampton
The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port f...
What company operated passenger ships across the Atlantic, including the RMS Queen Elizabeth?
{ "text": [ "Cunard" ], "answer_start": [ 372 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5a8dca8edf8bba001a0f9c2c
Richard_Feynman
He attained a perfect score on the graduate school entrance exams to Princeton University in mathematics and physics—an unprecedented feat—but did rather poorly on the history and English portions. Attendees at Feynman's first seminar included Albert Einstein, Wolfgang Pauli, and John von Neumann. He received a PhD fro...
Which one section of the graduate exam did Feynman do well in?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nHe attained a perfect score on the graduate school entrance exams to Princeton University in mathematics and ph...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5a036c09af157d001818f3de
Lancashire
The boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton were included in Merseyside. In Greater Manchester the successor boroughs were Bury, Bolton, Manchester, Oldham (part), Rochdale, Salford, Tameside (part), Trafford (part) and Wigan. Warrington and Widnes, south of the new Merseyside/Greater Manchester border we...
In what year was Liverpool made a part of Merseyside?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton were included in Merseyside. In Greater Manchester the successor boroughs w...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
57316494e6313a140071ced2
Red
After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sic...
What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent?
{ "text": [ "the national flower" ], "answer_start": [ 665 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent?\n\nAfter the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China be...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
5a56dafb6349e2001acdcfa6
Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)
A government report covered by the Guardian in 2002 indicates that between 1940 and 1979, the Ministry of Defence "turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public" and many of these tests "involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and mic...
What is the Guardian asking for regarding the secret tests?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nA government report covered by the Guardian in 2002 indicates that between 1940 and 1979, the Ministry of Defence \"turned large parts of ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5ad505fd5b96ef001a10aa27
Paper
Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it ...
What happens to the paper after it is sold to end customers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nPaper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5ad4949fba00c4001a268c72
Windows_8
Many other builds were released until the Japan's Developers Day conference, when Steven Sinofsky announced that Windows 8 Release Preview (build 8400) would be released during the first week of June. On May 28, 2012, Windows 8 Release Preview (Standard Simplified Chinese x64 edition, not China-specific version, build ...
When was the Release Preview unrevealed to consumers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' When was the Release Preview unrevealed to consumers?\n\nMany other builds were released until the Japan's Developers Day conference, when St...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5a6bb3484eec6b001a80a4f2
Predation
Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death. They are much like parasites in their close symbiotic relationship with their host or hosts. Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly. However, unlike p...
How do caterpillars feed during the day?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' How do caterpillars feed during the day?\n\nParasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventua...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
56d37ac659d6e414001464d9
American_Idol
The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home s...
How many votes were cast in the American Idol finale in season eight?
{ "text": [ "100 million" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' How many votes were cast in the American Idol finale in season eight?\n\nThe two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of w...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
5a0f39cfdecec900184754ed
Canadian_football
In Canada, the term "football" may refer to Canadian football and American football collectively, or to either sport specifically, depending on context. The two sports have shared origins and are closely related but have significant differences. In particular, Canadian football has 12 players on the field per team rath...
In American football how many downs are needed to gain 10 yards?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: In American football how many downs are needed to gain 10 yards?\n\nIn Canada, the term \"football\" may refer to Canadian f...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
57277506708984140094de1c
Tuberculosis
In many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis. Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages bronchi and this material ca...
Are the bacteria in caseous necrotic material living or dead?
{ "text": [ "living" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Are the bacteria in caseous necrotic material living or dead?\n\nIn many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
5725f4c338643c19005acf0b
Chicago_Cubs
The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian "Cap" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Sto...
Who did the Cubs began play as?
{ "text": [ "the Chicago White Stockings" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Who did the Cubs began play as?\n\nThe Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National Lea...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5acd670f07355d001abf40cc
Strasbourg
In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire (The black hand) was created. It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation. The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert W...
In what month and year was Gauleiter Robert Wagner assigned to Strasbourg?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: In what month and year was Gauleiter Robert Wagner assigned to Strasbourg?\n\nIn September 1940 the first Alsatian resistanc...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.
56e73e1137bdd419002c3df0
Daylight_saving_time
Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in Ma...
European Summer Time begins in March and ends in what month?
{ "text": [ "October" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nStart and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to t...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
5a6be76a4eec6b001a80a5ff
Predation
A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as ...
How long have bears existed?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: How long have bears existed?\n\nA lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in area...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
5a3bda68cc5d22001a521bcc
Heian_period
Following Kammu's death in 806 and a succession struggle among his sons, two new offices were established in an effort to adjust the Taika-Taihō administrative structure. Through the new Emperor's Private Office, the emperor could issue administrative edicts more directly and with more self-assurance than before. The n...
Who's influence began to increase in 630?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nFollowing Kammu's death in 806 and a succession struggle among his sons, two new offices were established in an effort to adjust th...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Please answer the question using the provided content.
570f33ad80d9841400ab355b
Circadian_rhythm
The earliest recorded account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century B.C.E., when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under Alexander the Great, described diurnal leaf movements of the tamarind tree. The observation of a circadian or diurnal process in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to a...
What is the earliest recorded instance of circadian rhythm?
{ "text": [ "4th century B.C.E" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe earliest recorded account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century B.C.E., when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
5a20684f54a786001a36b342
Alloy
Alloying a metal is done by combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals that often enhance its properties. For example, steel is stronger than iron, its primary element. The electrical and thermal conductivity of alloys is usually lower than that of the pure metals. The physical properties, such as density...
What is combined with tin to make brass?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nAlloying a metal is done by combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals that often enhance it...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
570a7c016d058f1900182e91
Emotion
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr...
What academics identified emotions with physiological changes?
{ "text": [ "psychophysiologists" ], "answer_start": [ 338 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nEmotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological change...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5730fac8a5e9cc1400cdbb67
Namibia
Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Cuba. With a small army and a fragile economy, the Namibian Government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region. A d...
Which number member is Namibia in the Commonwealth of Nations?
{ "text": [ "fiftieth" ], "answer_start": [ 537 ] }
[ { "content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhich number member is Namibia in the Commonwealth of Nations?\n\nNamibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting a...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Given the document, please answer the question.
5ad3c2c6604f3c001a3fef98
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jeh...
What is the name of one of the Jehovah's Witnesses publications?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nBaptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, an...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
5ad179a2645df0001a2d1dc0
Military_history_of_the_United_States
As a result of the Libyan Civil War, the United Nations enacted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya, and the protection of civilians from the forces of Muammar Gaddafi. The United States, along with Britain, France and several other nations, committed a coalition forc...
What was the name of the military action against Iraq?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\n What was the name of the military action against Iraq?\n\nAs a result of the Libyan Civil War, the United Nations enacted United Na...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
57061edc75f01819005e79b0
MP3
The immediate predecessors of MP3 were "Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Coding (PXFM). These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competition, but th...
What was the first practical implementation based on?
{ "text": [ "Motorola 56000 DSP chips" ], "answer_start": [ 593 ] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe immediate predecessors of MP3 were \"Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain\" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Codi...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5a70ba5f8abb0b001a6760ed
Xbox_360
The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime. Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) ...
What do PCs use to stream media?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat do PCs use to stream media?\n\nThe Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its p...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5727692ef1498d1400e8f794
Late_Middle_Ages
The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were...
Who introduced a system of musical notation used in the Balkans in the 14th century?
{ "text": [ "John Kukuzelis" ], "answer_start": [ 466 ] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philipp...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
5ad3fe4b604f3c001a3ffc2b
Westminster_Abbey
In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, al...
Who cast the three service bells?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Who cast the three service bells?\n\nIn addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respec...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it.
5728442cff5b5019007da054
Estonia
In the first centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the province (Estonian: kihelkond) and the land (Estonian: maakond). Several elderships or villages made up a province. Nearly all provinces had at least one fortress. The king or other hig...
What subdivision was associated with the land?
{ "text": [ "maakond" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn the first centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: th...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
5a221a05819328001af389fd
Circadian_rhythm
Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellular/metabolic events; clock-mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and have altered glucose metabolism. In mice, deletion of the Rev-ErbA alpha clock gene facilitates diet-induced obesity and...
Deletion of what gene in himans causes diabetes?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ { "content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nMutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellul...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Using the provided text, answer the following question.
5725f926ec44d21400f3d7bc
Chicago_Cubs
In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the s...
Who assumed majority ownership of the Cubs franchise by the 1916 season?
{ "text": [ "Albert Lasker" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
[ { "content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Who assumed majority ownership of the Cubs franchise by the 1916 season?\n\nIn 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a larg...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Based on the given passage, respond to the question.
56df4cdc8bc80c19004e4a37
Oklahoma_City
Oklahoma City lies in the Sandstone Hills region of Oklahoma, known for hills of 250 to 400 feet (120 m) and two species of oak: blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) and post oak (Q. stellata). The northeastern part of the city and its eastern suburbs fall into an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers.
Which region is Oklahoma city located in?
{ "text": [ "Sandstone Hills region" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
[ { "content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhich region is Oklahoma city located in?\n\nOklahoma City lies in the Sandstone Hills region of Oklahoma, known for hills of 250 ...
rajpurkar/squad_v2
Read the snippet and answer the question that follows.