id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742f | Canon_law | Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is ... | What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism? | {
"text": [
"a rule of conduct"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nCanonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. W... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5734205b4776f419006618e9 | Montana | Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth high... | Between what years did the Native population increase by 27.9% | {
"text": [
"1980 and 1990"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nMontana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in p... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5706a62375f01819005e7ccc | House_music | The term "house music" is said to have originated from a Chicago club called The Warehouse, which existed from 1977 to 1983. Clubbers to The Warehouse were primarily black and gay, who came to dance to music played by the club's resident DJ Frankie Knuckles, whom fans refer to as the "godfather of house". After the War... | who was the resident DJ at The Warehouse in Chicago? | {
"text": [
"Frankie Knuckles"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: who was the resident DJ at The Warehouse in Chicago?\n\nThe term \"house music\" is said to have originated from a Chicago c... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5ad111b4645df0001a2d0c09 | Uranium | Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the six na... | What isn't the atomic number of uranium? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What isn't the atomic number of uranium?\n\nUranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
56bfacdda10cfb140055122d | Beyoncé | On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Two days later, Jay Z released "Glory", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyoncé su... | Who was credited for her cries on the song? | {
"text": [
"B.I.C."
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nOn January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Tw... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
56ea91795a205f1900d6d34d | Political_corruption | More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government if procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. Corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that variation in t... | Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what? | {
"text": [
"bought and sold"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what?\n\nMore generally, corruption erodes the institut... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
57111975a58dae1900cd6c2c | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | As the 1990s dawned, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis would mean the immediate end of the NES’s dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the Super Famicom (named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside... | How late did Nintendo continue to repair Famicom units? | {
"text": [
"October 31, 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
1062
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: How late did Nintendo continue to repair Famicom units?\n\nAs the 1990s dawned, gamers predicted that competition from techn... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
56d3743659d6e41400146433 | American_Idol | During the top 11 week, due to a mix-up with the contestants' telephone number, voting was repeated on what was normally the result night, with the result reveal postponed until the following night. | During what week was there a problem with voting? | {
"text": [
"top 11 week"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nDuring the top 11 week, due to a mix-up with the contestants' telephone number, voting was repeated on wha... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
572969a16aef051400154e3a | Palermo | In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the ... | What was the purpose of Castello a Mare? | {
"text": [
"to protect the port at La Cala"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the wa... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
5730401c04bcaa1900d7740f | 51st_state | This constitution was created when the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution in 1951. The acceptance of that constitution by Puerto Rico's electorate, the U.S. Congress, and the U.S. president occurred in 1952. In addition, the rights, priv... | When was the constitution accepted by the electorate, U.S. Congress, and U.S. President? | {
"text": [
"1952"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: When was the constitution accepted by the electorate, U.S. Congress, and U.S. President?\n\nThis constitution was created when the ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5719d3af4faf5e1900b8a816 | Seattle | A shipbuilding boom in the early part of the 20th century became massive during World War I, making Seattle somewhat of a company town; the subsequent retrenchment led to the Seattle General Strike of 1919, the first general strike in the country. A 1912 city development plan by Virgil Bogue went largely unused. Seattl... | What city profited by Seattle's Maritime Strike? | {
"text": [
"Port of Los Angeles."
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat city profited by Seattle's Maritime Strike?\n\nA shipbuilding boom in the early part of the 20th century became massive during ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5705fbe575f01819005e7829 | New_Delhi | As of 2015, the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi and five members nominated by the central government. | The Chief Minister of what NCT is responsible for nominating two members to the New Delhi Municipal Council? | {
"text": [
"NCT of Delhi"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nAs of 2015, the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legisl... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
5726abb3dd62a815002e8c7c | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). The "Triangle" nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, located in Dur... | What is the Triangle? | {
"text": [
"Research Triangle area"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nRaleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together w... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5a1492c8a54d42001852925a | Identity_(social_science) | At a general level, self-psychology is compelled to investigate the question of how the personal self relates to the social environment. To the extent that these theories place themselves in the tradition of "psychological" social psychology, they focus on explaining an individual's actions within a group in terms of m... | What two factors are focused on explaining an individual's actions towards a group? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nAt a general level, self-psychology is compelled to investigate the question of how the personal self relates to the social environ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5acfb59777cf76001a6859c3 | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | What temperature does the metal become liquid? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What temperature does the metal become liquid?\n\nZinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common comm... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
56f8cc9d9e9bad19000a0524 | Gene | The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance, and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. Organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents because the cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes ... | The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for what? | {
"text": [
"molecular inheritance"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
572787e6dd62a815002e9f97 | Carnival | For the King's funeral, people dress in elaborate mourning costume, many of them cross-dressing men who carry bouquets of phallic vegetables. In the funeral house, the body of the King is surrounded by an honor guard and weeping concubines, crying over the loss of sexual pleasure brought about by his death. The King's ... | Who carries floral arrangements of penis-like veggies? | {
"text": [
"cross-dressing men"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Who carries floral arrangements of penis-like veggies?\n\nFor the King's funeral, people dress in elaborate mourning costume, many of ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
57268a27dd62a815002e88a5 | Pesticide | Pesticides can be classified based upon their biological mechanism function or application method. Most pesticides work by poisoning pests. A systemic pesticide moves inside a plant following absorption by the plant. With insecticides and most fungicides, this movement is usually upward (through the xylem) and outward.... | What is the main way that peticides perform their function? | {
"text": [
"by poisoning pests"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What is the main way that peticides perform their function?\n\nPesticides can be classified based upon their biological m... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5a6318cd68151a001a9221ce | Southern_Europe | Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora. | What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize natural features? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nDifferent methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can a... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5ad4bdaa5b96ef001a109ed1 | San_Diego | During World War II, San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to the presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865). During the final months of ... | Why didn't the Japanese launch their planned attack on September 20, 1945? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Why didn't the Japanese launch their planned attack on September 20, 1945?\n\nDuring World War II, San Diego became a major hu... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5731d079e99e3014001e62da | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Vestals were a public priesthood of six women devoted to the cultivation of Vesta, goddess of the hearth of the Roman state and its vital flame. A girl chosen to be a Vestal achieved unique religious distinction, public status and privileges, and could exercise considerable political influence. Upon entering her of... | How many Vestals were there in Rome? | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nHow many Vestals were there in Rome?\n\nThe Vestals were a public priesthood of six women devoted to the cultivation of Vesta, godde... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5ace3ada32bba1001ae49f8c | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University's sports teams are called the Bears. They are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and participate in the University Athletic Association at the Division III level. The Bears have won 19 NCAA Division III Championships— one in women's cross country (2011), one in men's tennis (2... | How many women's tennis NCAA Division III championships have they won? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nWashington University's sports teams are called the Bears. They are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and parti... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5acd055507355d001abf31c8 | Pain | The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quali... | What did 72% of patients experience six days after amputation? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight da... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5a3c0860cc5d22001a521d54 | Heian_period | While on one hand the Heian period was an unusually long period of peace, it can also be argued that the period weakened Japan economically and led to poverty for all but a tiny few of its inhabitants. The control of rice fields provided a key source of income for families such as the Fujiwara and were a fundamental ba... | What could average people avoid by acessing rice fields? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What could average people avoid by acessing rice fields?\n\nWhile on one hand the Heian period was an unusually long period of peace, it... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5a29a13c03c0e7001a3e1887 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduc... | In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA end? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA end?\n\nIn January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statem... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
572beeb22babe914003c2968 | Tennessee | East Tennessee has several important transportation links with Middle and West Tennessee, as well as the rest of the nation and the world, including several major airports and interstates. Knoxville's McGhee Tyson Airport (TYS) and Chattanooga's Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA), as well as the Tri-Cities' Tri-Cit... | Which Tennessee airport has the code TYS? | {
"text": [
"McGhee Tyson Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhich Tennessee airport has the code TYS?\n\nEast Tennessee has several important transportation links with Middle and West Tennesse... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | According to Dulles, why was Diem made president of Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"there were no better alternatives"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: According to Dulles, why was Diem made president of Vietnam?\n\nIn the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
57329bc4cc179a14009dab69 | Police | In France during the Middle Ages, there were two Great Officers of the Crown of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France. The military policing responsibilities of the Marshal of France were delegated to the Marshal's provost, whose force was known as the Marshalcy because ... | How were the Marshal and Constable of France formally classified? | {
"text": [
"Great Officers of the Crown of France"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn France during the Middle Ages, there were two Great Officers of the Crown of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal o... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
5ad4da2f5b96ef001a10a3cc | Steven_Spielberg | In 2002, Spielberg was one of eight flagbearers who carried the Olympic Flag into Rice-Eccles Stadium at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City. In 2006, Premiere listed him as the most powerful and influential figure in the motion picture industry. Time listed him as one of the 100 M... | Where did Spielberg attend college? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhere did Spielberg attend college?\n\nIn 2002, Spielberg was one of eight flagbearers who carried the Olympic Flag into Rice-Eccles Stad... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
56db3449e7c41114004b4f3c | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay |
Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GW... | The relay route was a little over how many kilometers? | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nThe relay route was a little over how many kilometers?\n\n\n Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5725cd0a89a1e219009abeef | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to ... | Where does the foundation list grants | {
"text": [
"the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Where does the foundation list grants \n\nAs part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think t... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5726609b708984140094c413 | Southeast_Asia | The shallow waters of the Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity for the world's marine ecosystems, where coral, fish and molluscs abound. According to Conservation International, marine surveys suggest that the marine life diversity in the Raja Ampat (Indonesia) is the highest recorded on ... | Where on Earth is the highest marine activity recorded? | {
"text": [
"Raja Ampat"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhere on Earth is the highest marine activity recorded?\n\nThe shallow waters of the Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest le... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5728b48a3acd2414000dfd1f | Karl_Popper | Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysi... | Popper's rational approach opposes what technique sometimes used to remove contradictions in knowledge? | {
"text": [
"ad-hoc-measures"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nPopper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of t... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
572678305951b619008f7395 | Data_compression | Lossless data compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy to represent data without losing any information, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not chang... | What usually exploits statistical redundancy? | {
"text": [
"Lossless data compression algorithms"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat usually exploits statistical redundancy?\n\nLossless data compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy to repr... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
572609bf271a42140099d3dd | Arsenal_F.C. | The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke. Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007, and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares off David Dein in August 2007. Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian bill... | In what year did Kreonke achieve take over of Arsenal stock? | {
"text": [
"April 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nIn what year did Kreonke achieve take over of Arsenal stock?\n\nThe largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports t... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
570720299e06ca38007e947f | Chihuahua_(state) | The main mountain range in the state is the Sierra Madre Occidental reaching a maximum altitude of 10,826 ft (3,300 m) known as Cerro Mohinora. Mountains account for one third of the state's surface area which include large coniferous forests. The climate in the mountainous regions varies Chihuahua has more forests tha... | Which is the main mountain range in the state? | {
"text": [
"Sierra Madre Occidental"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe main mountain range in the state is the Sierra Madre Occidental reaching a maximum altitude of 10,826 ft (3,300 m) known as Cerro... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5ad1282f645df0001a2d0fc5 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Renewable energy is also the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources. As the cost of renewable power falls, the scope of economically viable applications increases. Renewable technologies are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity. Where "oil-fired g... | What are now often the most economic solution for old generating capacity? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nRenewable energy is also the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources. As the cost of r... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
5726f8735951b619008f83a4 | History_of_science | Subsequently, Plato and Aristotle produced the first systematic discussions of natural philosophy, which did much to shape later investigations of nature. Their development of deductive reasoning was of particular importance and usefulness to later scientific inquiry. Plato founded the Platonic Academy in 387 BC, whose... | Aristotle introduced what theory? | {
"text": [
"empiricism"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nSubsequently, Plato and Aristotle produced the first systematic discussions of natural philosophy, which did much to shape later investiga... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5a7cf2c8e8bc7e001a9e20d7 | Neolithic | Traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the "Neolithic Revolution". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regio... | What era is commonly called as the final phase of the Copper Age? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What era is commonly called as the final phase of the Copper Age?\n\nTraditionally considered the last part of ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5acd1e2007355d001abf35b4 | Aspirated_consonant | Aspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced sounds. For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally, and aspirated consonants occur in consonant clusters. In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position. | What is not always followed by vowels or unvoiced sounds? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat is not always followed by vowels or unvoiced sounds?\n\nAspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5a6a6f3fa9e0c9001a4e9e1e | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consu... | What did Keating's premiership coincide with? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat did Keating's premiership coincide with?\n\nHoward differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5705fd9e52bb891400689776 | The_Times | In 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International. The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill. | During the acquisition of The Times in 1981, John Collier and Bill O'Neill were part of what group that did three weeks of intensive bargaining? | {
"text": [
"the unions"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International. The acquisition followed thr... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
56becb8d3aeaaa14008c9498 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed... | When Beyonce was with Destiny's Child, how many albums did she manage to sell? | {
"text": [
"60 million"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhen Beyonce was with Destiny's Child, how many albums did she manage to sell?\n\nBeyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
5728a5753acd2414000dfbbf | Alaska | Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate. Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. State... | On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally approved by Congress? | {
"text": [
"July 7, 1958"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally approved by Congress?\n\nStatehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham ea... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
572629b789a1e219009ac482 | Greece | Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were mostly Greek-speaking, though generally not from Greece itself. The New Testament was written in Greek, and some of it... | The Olympics were last held in ancient Greece in what year? | {
"text": [
"393"
],
"answer_start": [
738
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: The Olympics were last held in ancient Greece in what year? \n\nGreek-speaking communities of the Hellenized Ea... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5ad3d4df604f3c001a3ff2bc | Yale_University | Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency... | When was Yale Divinity School closed? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nYale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yal... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
572bf4da750c471900ed4c3b | Tennessee | The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic (8000–10... | What time period corresponds with the Mississippian cultural phase in early Tennessee history? | {
"text": [
"1000–1600 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago. The names of the ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
573039a3b2c2fd1400568a98 | Iran | Iran received access to the Internet in 1993. According to 2014 census, around 40% of the population of Iran are Internet users. Iran ranks 24th among countries by number of Internet users. According to the statistics provided by the web information company of Alexa, Google Search and Yahoo! are the most used search en... | What percentage of Iran's population were internet users in 2014? | {
"text": [
"around 40%"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What percentage of Iran's population were internet users in 2014?\n\nIran received access to the Internet in 19... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5a42c20b4a4859001aac72ef | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Mach suggested that thought experiments like the bucket argument are problematic. If we were to imagine a universe that only contains a bucket, on Newton's account, this bucket could be set to spin relative to absolute space, and the water it contained would form the characteristic concave surface. But in the absence o... | What could not remain flat in absolute space? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What could not remain flat in absolute space?\n\nMach suggested that thought experiments like the bucket argument are pro... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5728eeca4b864d19001650c0 | Samurai | The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and began construction of a great stone barrier around Hakata Bay in 1276. Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay. This would later serve as a strong defensive point against the Mongols. The Mongols a... | When did Japan finish building the Hakata Bay barrier? | {
"text": [
"1277"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' When did Japan finish building the Hakata Bay barrier?\n\nThe Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
57301b33a23a5019007fcd6e | San_Diego | Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, its beaches, and numerous tourist attractions such as Balboa Park, Belmont amusement park, San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and SeaWorld San Diego. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in the many historic sites across the city, such as ... | What big event takes place in San Diego in November? | {
"text": [
"San Diego Beer Week"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nTourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, its beaches, and numerous tourist attractions such as Balboa ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5acd24b707355d001abf36ac | Unicode | Instructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properly output different character sequences. A simple solution to the placement of combining marks or diacritics is assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing (depending on th... | What does the operating system tell what to do? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What does the operating system tell what to do?\n\nInstructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properl... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
57324681e99e3014001e6624 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jeh... | What is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses? | {
"text": [
"Baptism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nBaptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
5ad0239977cf76001a686b73 | Late_Middle_Ages | Though many of the events were outside the traditional time-period of the Middle Ages, the end of the unity of the Western Church (the Protestant Reformation), was one of the distinguishing characteristics of the medieval period. The Catholic Church had long fought against heretic movements, but during the Late Middle ... | What were Jon Wycliffe's supporters not called? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThough many of the events were outside the traditional time-period of the Middle Ages, the end of the u... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
56f827e6aef2371900625e5b | Alps | This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb "hill"; "Albania" ... | Albania was a name for what during Roman Times? | {
"text": [
"the eastern Caucasus"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Albania was a name for what during Roman Times? \n\nThis may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5726f61ef1498d1400e8f10a | Madonna_(entertainer) | According to Taraborrelli, the defining moment of Madonna's childhood was the tragic and untimely death of her beloved mother. Psychiatrist Keith Ablow suggests her mother's death would have had an immeasurable impact on the young Madonna at a time when her personality was still forming. According to Ablow, the younger... | According to who was the defining moment of Madonna's childhood with her mother's death? | {
"text": [
"Taraborrelli,"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nAccording to Taraborrelli, the defining moment of Madonna's childhood was the tragic and untimely death of her beloved mother. Psychi... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
570fa75480d9841400ab3617 | Elizabeth_II | In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's ... | What group assassinated Lord Mountbatten? | {
"text": [
"Provisional Irish Republican Army"
],
"answer_start": [
769
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
56d0b63c234ae51400d9c418 | Buddhism | Impermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Everything is in cons... | What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism? | {
"text": [
"all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nImpermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences)... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
57282ddd3acd2414000df666 | Annelid | Annelids with blood vessels use metanephridia to remove soluble waste products, while those without use protonephridia. Both of these systems use a two-stage filtration process, in which fluid and waste products are first extracted and these are filtered again to re-absorb any re-usable materials while dumping toxic an... | What annelid system combines both filtration states in one organ? | {
"text": [
"protonephridia"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nAnnelids with blood vessels use metanephridia to remove soluble waste products, while those without use protonephridia. Both of these... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5726a6ba5951b619008f7921 | Electric_motor | In 1886, Frank Julian Sprague invented the first practical DC motor, a non-sparking motor that maintained relatively constant speed under variable loads. Other Sprague electric inventions about this time greatly improved grid electric distribution (prior work done while employed by Thomas Edison), allowed power from el... | Who did Sprague work for early in his career? | {
"text": [
"Thomas Edison"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Who did Sprague work for early in his career?\n\nIn 1886, Frank Julian Sprague invented the first practical DC motor, a non-sparkin... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
56de2bedcffd8e1900b4b60d | Symbiosis | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | What type of symbiotic relationship helps one organism and doesn't have a major affect on the other? | {
"text": [
"Commensalism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nCommensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
56e0bc7b231d4119001ac364 | Space_Race | The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force ... | Project Vanguard launch failed on what date? | {
"text": [
"December 6, 195"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Project Vanguard launch failed on what date?\n\nThe Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordere... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
570a07104103511400d5950d | Houston | The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment. Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel, the Port of Houston. In the United States, the port ranks first in international commerce and tenth among the largest ports in the world. Unlike most places, high oil and... | Where does Houston rate in the size ranking of world ports? | {
"text": [
"tenth"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Where does Houston rate in the size ranking of world ports?\n\nThe Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield eq... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
570a40346d058f1900182d16 | Beer | The first historical mention of the use of hops in beer was from 822 AD in monastery rules written by Adalhard the Elder, also known as Adalard of Corbie, though the date normally given for widespread cultivation of hops for use in beer is the thirteenth century. Before the thirteenth century, and until the sixteenth c... | In what year were hops first known to be used in beer? | {
"text": [
"822 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe first historical mention of the use of hops in beer was from 822 AD in monastery rules written by Adalhard the Elder, also kno... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
56df858f56340a1900b29cdd | Oklahoma_City | The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate ... | How many counties does Oklahoma Cities Networks cover? | {
"text": [
"34"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
573219f50fdd8d15006c67a5 | Economy_of_Greece | In recent years a number of well-known tourism-related organizations have placed Greek destinations in the top of their lists. In 2009 Lonely Planet ranked Thessaloniki, the country's second-largest city, the world's fifth best "Ultimate Party Town", alongside cities such as Montreal and Dubai, while in 2011 the island... | What have a number of tourism-related organizations placed Greek destinations at the top of? | {
"text": [
"their lists"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nIn recent years a number of well-known tourism-related organizations have placed Greek destinations in the... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5a8308fde60761001a2eb31e | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What be the silver standards of diagnostics in the distant future? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What be the silver standards of diagnostics in the distant future?\n\nTechnologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5a220964819328001af389cd | Circadian_rhythm | Circadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. They thus enable organisms to best capitalize on environmental resources (e.g. light and food) compared to those that cannot predict such availability. It has therefore been suggested that circadian rhythms put or... | What allows organisms to anticipate and prepare for unexpected environmental changes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What allows organisms to anticipate and prepare for unexpected environmental changes?\n\nCircadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipa... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
5acd29f507355d001abf3774 | Unicode | Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Las... | What is the glyph that Apple's Last Resort font displays? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nRendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode \"replace... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
571a98164faf5e1900b8aafb | Multiracial_American | Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. A... | What caused lower classification status for African Americans? | {
"text": [
"slavery became a racial caste"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nAmericans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5728840f4b864d1900164a68 | Brigham_Young_University | Franklin S. Harris was appointed the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Harris made several important changes to the school, reorganizing it into a true university, whereas before, its organization had remnants of the Academy days. At the beginning of his tenure, t... | How many new LDS Church wards were added during Wilkinson's presidency? | {
"text": [
"over 100"
],
"answer_start": [
1563
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nFranklin S. Harris was appointed the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Har... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
572639c7271a42140099d79f | Mammal | Breathing is largely driven by the muscular diaphragm, which divides the thorax from the abdominal cavity, forming a dome with its convexity towards the thorax. Contraction of the diaphragm flattens the dome, increasing the volume of the cavity in which the lung is enclosed. Air enters through the oral and nasal caviti... | When air enters both the oral and nasal cavities, where does it flow through? | {
"text": [
"larynx, trachea and bronchi"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: When air enters both the oral and nasal cavities, where does it flow through?\n\nBreathing is largely driven by the muscula... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
57284cdb4b864d19001648f8 | PlayStation_3 | Tech media website CNET gave new Super Slim 4 out of 5 stars ("Excellent"), saying "The Super Slim PlayStation 3 shrinks a powerful gaming machine into an even tinier package while maintaining the same features as its predecessors: a great gaming library and a strong array of streaming services [...]", whilst also crit... | What component of the Super Slim did CNET call "the easiest yet"? | {
"text": [
"hard drive"
],
"answer_start": [
983
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat component of the Super Slim did CNET call \"the easiest yet\"?\n\nTech media website CNET gave new Super Slim 4 out of 5 star... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5730cea4aca1c71400fe5add | Namibia | From 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, the 'first genocide of the Twentieth Century' was committed. In the Herero and Namaqua genocide, 10,000 Nama (half the population) and approximately 65,000 Hereros (about 80% of the ... | How many Nama's were killed in the war against German occupiers? | {
"text": [
"10,000"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nHow many Nama's were killed in the war against German occupiers?\n\nFrom 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua too... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
572664c9f1498d1400e8de21 | Florida | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Florida was 20,271,272 on July 1, 2015, a 7.82% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The population of Florida in the 2010 census was 18,801,310. Florida was the seventh fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 12-month period ending July 1, 2012... | What state did Florida pass in population recently | {
"text": [
"surpassing the population of the state of New York"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Florida was 20,271,272 on July 1, 2015, a... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
56e7997100c9c71400d7735c | Nanjing | Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Nin... | Where does the Yangtze River flow in Nanjing? | {
"text": [
"past the west side and then north side"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Where does the Yangtze River flow in Nanjing?\n\nNanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
56e7910400c9c71400d772eb | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings. Allen Weinstein explained that this partnership would "allow much greater access to approximately 4.5 million pages of important documents that are cu... | In January of 2007, what internet company did the National Archives partner with? | {
"text": [
"Fold3.com"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nOn January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documen... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
56d2981a59d6e41400146112 | Buddhism | Over the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks. Lat... | In Sri Lanka, what was determined to be the best unifying scripture? | {
"text": [
"Dhammapada"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' In Sri Lanka, what was determined to be the best unifying scripture?\n\nOver the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5730a1eb396df9190009622b | Greeks | The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily. In Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his... | What statement of note was given by a great philosopher from Greece written by another great philosopher ? | {
"text": [
"Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, \"we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat statement of note was given by a great philosopher from Greece written by another great philosopher ?\n\nThe traditional Gree... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
56f74825aef2371900625aa6 | Classical_music | The Classical era, from about 1750 to 1820, established many of the norms of composition, presentation, and style, and was also when the piano became the predominant keyboard instrument. The basic forces required for an orchestra became somewhat standardized (although they would grow as the potential of a wider array o... | How many muscians, at most, could make up a chamber ensemble during the classical period? | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: How many muscians, at most, could make up a chamber ensemble during the classical period?\n\nThe Classical era,... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
572e97d3dfa6aa1500f8d1b1 | Han_dynasty | The Han dynasty (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàn cháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic gro... | What period followed the Han dynasty? | {
"text": [
"Three Kingdoms"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe Han dynasty (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàn cháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
56d4ee342ccc5a1400d8336f | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for the fragrances True Star (singing a cover version of "Wishing on a Star") and True Star Gold; she also promoted Emporio Armani's Diamonds fragrance in 2007. Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance, Heat in 2010. The commercial, which featured the 1956 song "Fever", was s... | What was Beyoncé's first fragrance called? | {
"text": [
"Heat"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nBeyoncé has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for the fragrances True Star (singing a cover version of \"Wishing on a Star\") and True Sta... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
5ad40858604f3c001a3ffee5 | Bermuda | In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown. Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda. Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes in coa... | Who began intentional settlement of Bermuda in 1621? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Who began intentional settlement of Bermuda in 1621?\n\nIn 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on t... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5acec17932bba1001ae4b2cd | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Constantius, ordered Liberius into exile in 356 giving him, then, three days to comply. He was ordered into banishment to Beroea, in Thrace; Beroea (Thrace). He sent expensive presents, too, if he were to accept the Arian position but were refused. He sent him, indeed, five hundred pieces of gold "to bear his charges" ... | Where did Liberius come from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Where did Liberius come from?\n\nConstantius, ordered Liberius into exile in 356 giving him, then, three days ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5726c910708984140094d15f | Queen_(band) | Between 2005 and 2006, Queen + Paul Rodgers embarked on a world tour, which was the first time Queen toured since their last tour with Freddie Mercury in 1986. The band's drummer Roger Taylor commented; "We never thought we would tour again, Paul [Rodgers] came along by chance and we seemed to have a chemistry. Paul is... | What is the name of Queen's drummer? | {
"text": [
"Roger Taylor"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nBetween 2005 and 2006, Queen + Paul Rodgers embarked on a world tour, which was the first time Queen tou... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
5ad01ba277cf76001a686a32 | Republic_of_the_Congo | In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps. | When did researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society study chimps? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nIn 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso distric... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
56e11661e3433e1400422bb8 | Canon_law | Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive ... | Through what does each member of the Anglican Communion make a contribution to Church law? | {
"text": [
"its own legal system"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nThrough what does each member of the Anglican Communion make a contribution to Church law? \n\nCurrently, (2004), there are princi... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
5ad34dc2604f3c001a3fdcbf | PlayStation_3 | Since the system's launch, production costs have been reduced significantly as a result of phasing out the Emotion Engine chip and falling hardware costs. The cost of manufacturing Cell microprocessors has fallen dramatically as a result of moving to the 65 nm production process, and Blu-ray Disc diodes have become che... | The August 2009 cost is a result of what percentage increase in production cost? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Please answer the question using the provided content. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nThe August 2009 cost is a result of what percentage increase in production cost?\n\nSince the system's launch, production costs ha... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Please answer the question using the provided content. |
57264908708984140094c168 | Freemasonry | In addition, most Grand Lodges require the candidate to declare a belief in a Supreme Being. In a few cases, the candidate may be required to be of a specific religion. The form of Freemasonry most common in Scandinavia (known as the Swedish Rite), for example, accepts only Christians. At the other end of the spectrum,... | Freemasons most common in Scandinavia only accept who as members? | {
"text": [
"Christians"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Freemasons most common in Scandinavia only accept who as members?\n\nIn addition, most Grand Lodges require the candidate to... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5aced21d32bba1001ae4b5b7 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | During the late 18th century, the Jadidists established themselves as what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' During the late 18th century, the Jadidists established themselves as what?\n\nDuring the late 19th Century the Jadidists established ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5a285ea5d1a287001a6d0bce | Post-punk | Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was "often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties". Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary, asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own. Simon R... | What musical period had no innovations? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What musical period had no innovations?\n\nUntil recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was \"often dismissed as an a... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5a66c197f038b7001ab0c0ea | Data_compression | The most powerful used method works by comparing each frame in the video with the previous one. If the frame contains areas where nothing has moved, the system simply issues a short command that copies that part of the previous frame, bit-for-bit, into the next one. If sections of the frame move in a simple manner, the... | What still remains much shorter than video? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What still remains much shorter than video?\n\nThe most powerful used method works by comparing each frame in the video with... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5a56b2846349e2001acdcef1 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | During the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state during World War I, concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three Services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom—the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Ai... | When was the Royal Air Force disbanded? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nDuring the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state durin... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
5726e1275951b619008f8139 | Chinese_characters | The total number of Chinese characters from past to present remains unknowable because new ones are developed all the time – for instance, brands may create new characters when none of the existing ones allow for the intended meaning. Chinese characters are theoretically an open set and anyone can create new characters... | What is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory? | {
"text": [
"number of entries in major Chinese dictionaries"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\n==== document starts ====\nThe total number of Chinese characters from past to present remains unknowable because new ones are developed a... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
57289c54ff5b5019007da33e | Brigham_Young_University | The university operates under 11 colleges or schools, which collectively offer 194 bachelor's degree programs, 68 master's degree programs, 25 PhD programs, and a Juris Doctor program. BYU also manages some courses and majors through the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies and "miscellaneous" college depa... | What allows BYU students to pursue summer internships earlier than most college students? | {
"text": [
"Winter semester ends earlier than most universities"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} | [
{
"content": "Based on the given passage, respond to the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' What allows BYU students to pursue summer internships earlier than most college students?\n\nThe university operates under 11 colleges o... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Based on the given passage, respond to the question. |
5ad27cafd7d075001a429690 | Dialect | The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these l... | Where is the Romance Algherese dialect spoken? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: Where is the Romance Algherese dialect spoken?\n\nThe Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5726b8addd62a815002e8e2a | Pope_Paul_VI | After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new dioceses. He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life. Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and conve... | What did Paul want to reform as a newly elected pope? | {
"text": [
"Canon Law"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} | [
{
"content": "Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' Question: What did Paul want to reform as a newly elected pope?\n\nAfter his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first me... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Here is a piece of text; answer the following question based on it. |
570c2becec8fbc190045bd1b | Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation | The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle. The files were collected for various reasons. Some of t... | What party was the FBI concerned with? | {
"text": [
"Communist party"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} | [
{
"content": "Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.'\n\nThe FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lenn... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Read the snippet and answer the question that follows. |
5ad259dbd7d075001a428e1f | Karl_Popper | Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysi... | What is rational discussion about not possible, according to this view? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Given the document, please answer the question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\nWhat is rational discussion about not possible, according to this view?\n\nPopper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Given the document, please answer the question. |
5ad193ad645df0001a2d203e | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | By using silicon wafers, what is not being avoided? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Using the provided text, answer the following question. If the context does not contain the answer, reply with: 'The question cannot be answered from this context.' \n\n By using silicon wafers, what is not being avoided?\n\nA new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) ... | rajpurkar/squad_v2 | Using the provided text, answer the following question. |
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